Lesson objectives To be able to describe and label the properties of each of the earth’s layers To understand that the earth’s crust is split into tectonic plates which float on top of the mantle.

Image from:http://www. singularvortex

Map from memory Image from:http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/contexts/earthquakes/sci_media/images/earth_structure

There are two types of crust: Granite from the Continental crust Basalt from the Oceanic crust What are the differences between the two rock types?

Layer Density (grams/ cm³) Physical state Composition Temp (°C) Lithosphere Continental Crust 2.7 Solid Granite Air temp - 900 Oceanic Crust 3.3 Basalt Mantle Asthenosphere 3.4-4.4 Partially molten Peridotite 900-1600 Lower mantle 4.4-5.6 1600-4000 Core Outer Core 9.9-12.2 Liquid Iron and Nickel 4000-5000 Inner Core 15 5000-6000

The Japanese have built a 57000- tonne international scientific drilling ship, the Chikyu, which will drill 7km through the oceanic crust to reach the mantle – further than anyone has gone before! Resource taken from Digby et al. (2009) gcse geography edexcel B. You need to imagine that you are doing the same, only this time you are heading all the way down to the centre of the earth!

Imagine that you are drilling down through the earth to discover what lies beneath. In the boxes below, you need to explain your journey through the earth, giving details of each layer in as much detail as possible. You will need to refer to whether the layer is solid, partially molten or liquid, the density, the composition (what it is made of) and finally how hot it is down there.

Earth’s Heat Engine Earth’s Heat Engine

Crust Convention Currents Mantle

Continental crust Oceanic crust Ocean Mantle Core Oceanic crust - This is younger, thinner, but denser and is found under the oceans. Basaltic composition Continental crust - This is older, thicker but lighter and makes up the land. Granitic type rock

How does it all work?

How does it all work? Task- 1)Draw your own version of the convection currents diagram 2) Write a description of how the plates move- you may also do as story board/diagrams if you wish As a class read page 12 and 13 of GCSE text book (purple one) then do tasks

What have you learned about the earth’s structure? Plenary What have you learned about the earth’s structure?

Homework On Page 9 there is a table with all of the properties you need to know for your GCSE exam. For next lesson, you need to learn all of the properties and be ready to fill in an incomplete table.