OLYMPIA.

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Presentation transcript:

OLYMPIA

Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia

Sculptures, Temple of Zeus

altis

Olympic Games (776 BCE — 394 CE) • Panhellenic truce • 6-day festival • DAY 1 : opening sacrifices • oath of athletes before Zeus Horkios • DAY 2 : pentathlon and horse-races • DAY 3 : hekatomb at Altar of Zeus • DAYS 4-5 : adult and child competitions footraces, armed footrace, wrestling, boxing, pankration • DAY 6 : awarding of prizes

Crowning • olive crown • procession, sacrifice, banquet • statue at Olympia • monetary reward in polis • statue in home agora • sitêsis in Athens

Pindar, Olympian 8.1-14 (460 BCE) Mother of the gold-crowned Games, Olympia, queen of truth, where diviners interpret burnt offerings and test the bright thunderer Zeus to see if he has any word about men who long in their hearts to win great glory and respite from toil. In return for reverence men’s prayers are fulfilled. O sanctuary of Pisa, by the wooded banks of Alpheios, welcome this company and the garlands they wear. Great is his glory forever whom your glittering prize rewards. To each man come different goods, and many are the paths of success when the gods lend aid. By the Hill of Kronos, Zeus made Alkimedon an Olympian conqueror. He was lovely to see, and his deeds did not dishonor his beauty, when he won in the wrestling and proclaimed the fame of his fatherland, long-oared Aigina.

DODONA (Late Bronze Age — 394 CE)

manteia inspired (possession) manteia inductive (technological)

Temple of Zeus

At Dodona, however, the priestesses who deliver the oracles have a different version of the story: two black doves, they say, flew away from Thebes in Egypt, and one of them alighted at Dodona, the other in Libya. The former, perched on an oak, and speaking with a human voice, told them that there, on that very spot, there should be an oracle of Zeus. Those who heard her understood the words to be a command from heaven, and at once obeyed...

Priesthood at Dodona • talking doves 3 Pleiades (“doves”/ “mud”?) oak leaves • barefoot Selloi • stream of fire • thunder cauldrons

lamella

(11) Good Fortune. The city of the Chaones asks Zeus Naos and Dione to reply whether it is more good and better and more expedient to move and reconstruct the temple of Athena Polias. (14) The Dodonians ask Zeus and Diona whether it is because of the impurity of some person that the god sends the storm. (8) Gods. Good Fortune. Euandros and his wife inquire of Zeus Naos and Diona, by praying and sacrificing to which god or hero or daimon may they do more well and better, themselves and their household, now and forever. (6) God: Gerioton asks Zeus about a wife, if it is better for him to take one. (49) Lysanias asks Zeus Naios and Deona whether the child with which Annyla is pregnant is not his. (84) …asks if it is better and more profitable for him to take a wife and will there be children to take care of Isodemos in his old age and is it better for him to go to move to Athens and become a citizen there. (73) God. Fortune. Leontios inquires about his son Leon, whether he will be well from the illness that besets him. (121) Aigis asks Zeus Naos [and Diona] about the blankets and the pillows that he has lost, whether someone from outside stole them.