Nat. Rev. Urol. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2017.82 Figure 2 Example of a typical enhanced recovery protocol for radical cystectomy Figure 2 | Example of a typical enhanced recovery protocol for radical cystectomy. Enhanced recovery protocols are multimodal, perioperative care pathways that aim to achieve early recovery by modifying the physiological stress response to major surgery. Interventions are made preoperatively (including optimization of comorbidities, carbohydrate loading, prophylactic antibiotics, and avoidance of prolonged fasting periods), intraoperatively (such as use of short-acting anaesthetic agents, patient warming, individualized goal-directed fluid therapy, and avoiding use of long-acting benzodiazepines and nasogastric tubes) and postoperatively (including use of antiemetics, stress ulcer and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, multimodal analgesia, early mobilization and early oral intake, and limitation of fluid intake). Lobo, N. et al. (2017) Landmarks in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2017.82