Developmental Psychology Toddlerhood Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

What’s going on at 2 and 3? Developmental Tasks Elaboration of locomotion Language development Fantasy play Self control

Parenting Styles & Characteristics- What are some thoughts/beliefs you have about effective parenting? Baumrind’s formulation of parenting styles-Demandingness & Responsiveness Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive, democratic-indulgent Permissive, rejecting-neglecting

2. PARTheory: Parental Acceptance-Rejection Theory-Roehner An intercultural approach-400 studies in 60 nations Acceptance and rejection are defined in culture-specific ways. Perceived rejection is emphasized Four behavioral patterns Warmth/affection Rejection Cold/unaffectionate Hostility/aggression Indifference/neglect Undifferentiated rejection

Acceptance is linked with: Higher self-esteem Psychological independence Trust Positive world view

Rejection is associated with Hostility and aggression Dependence or defensive independence Emotional unresponsiveness Impaired self-esteem Impaired self-adequacy Emotional instability Negative worldview

Self control Self control refers to the child’s ability to control her impulses and attain his goals. Emotion regulation helps facilitate these abilities. Infants began to develop emotion regulation skills through caregiving interactions. Comforting physical contact Soothing sounds Elimination of stimulus causing discomfort

Facilitating toddler self control Teaching empathy/Increasing sensitivity to others Perspective taking Role modeling Discipline should be Clearly linked to unwanted behavior Short duration Rational Consistent Use of language Talk about the emotions Modify them through distraction or explanation Give suggestions on how to manage them Model ways of responding to emotions Reinforce prosocial behavior

Emotion-coaching John Gottman on Speaker’s Forum http://www.kuow.org/program.php?id=15530 Emotion coaching What is it? Benefits in adult relationships? Benefits for child development? Questions provoked? Criticisms provoked?

Designing a high quality child care center Physical space-inside and outside Daily schedule Sample toys Policies to support families Incorporate inclusivity and cultural relevancy into your plan.

Problem solving Read the “Lilly” scenario Do a go-round with each person contributing an observation of the scenario Discuss adult responses that would promote emotion regulation Link adult responses to strategies from lecture Plan an activity you could have parents do to develop skills to promote emotion regulation

The role and impact of childcare Some information about childcare 70% of kids in the U.S. 0-5 are in care outside the home. There are national accreditation standards for childcare settings that address curriculum, relationships with family, physical space, etc. In WA, there are 2,107 childcare centers; 143 are accredited; 6.3% of centers and .32% of homes Annual cost for infant: $12,000/8,424.00 Annual cost for a 4 year old: $8,804/7,140 Annual income of f/t childcare provider: $19,710

Pressing questions What makes child care high quality? Consistency and training of caregivers Clean, safe environment Small ratio What needs can be met through high quality child care? Cognitive development, especially if not supported at home. Social competence, self-esteem, empathy. Long term benefits: hs completion, reduced criminal activity, college entrance/completion Accreditation standards: http://www.naeyc.org/academy/standards/