LAB 3: FORCES THAT CAUSE EARTH MOVEMENTS Key Question: Does the rock of the Earth’s mantle move?

Today, you will see what happens to a material that has PLASTICITY (the ability to flow) when it is heated from below

The corn syrup became hot & “bubbly” at the bottom of the pan Observations The corn syrup became hot & “bubbly” at the bottom of the pan This made the warm corn syrup rise which caused the cardboard to move apart very slowly

COOLS SEPARATES RISES SINKS HEATS UP *CONVECTION CURRENT* Convection Animation

The corn syrup is HEATED from below & cooled from above Explain: The corn syrup is HEATED from below & cooled from above The warm corn syrup RISES, SEPARATES the cardboard, COOLS off, SINKS and is heated again

CONVECTION: When a substance moves because it is heated from below and cooled from above

Convection:

Lava Lamp

Convection in the Mantle: Mantle Convection

Mid-Ocean Ridge (MOR):

Mid-Ocean Ridge

LAB 3 VOCABULARY

17. Convection Movement of a fluid because of density changes when it is heated from below and cooled from above

Undersea mountains where plates spread apart and new crust is produced 41. Mid-Ocean Ridge Undersea mountains where plates spread apart and new crust is produced

Molten rock that reaches the earth’s surface 29. Lava Molten rock that reaches the earth’s surface 35. Magma Molten rock beneath the earth’s surface

See Plate Tectonics Notes

32. Plate Tectonics Theory that the earth’s crust is broken into plates that move and interact with each other

Where lithospheric plates move toward each other and collide 19. Convergent Plate Boundaries Where lithospheric plates move toward each other and collide

25. Divergent Plate Boundaries Where lithospheric plates move away from each other and new crust is formed

Where lithospheric plates slide/grind past each other side-by-side 52. Transform Boundaries Where lithospheric plates slide/grind past each other side-by-side

The earth rumbles, shakes and splits open... It’s an earthquake- an event that happens somewhere on the earth more than twice a day It all has to do with the way the earth’s brittle crust, and the layers below it, move

The outermost layer of the Earth is the crust Like a cracked eggshell, the crust is broken into jagged sections, which are called plates They float on top of the mantle, usually with smooth movement

Sometimes, the plates can grind together, which leads to the shaking that we know as Earthquakes

Earthquakes usually happen at a BOUNDARY (areas where plates meet)

There are: 3 main types of plate boundaries divergent Transform Convergent

*Types of Boundaries*

The San Andreas Fault is a TRANSFORM Fault

Plate Boundary Map