Vocabulary Structure of Earth Continental Drift Theory Plate Tectonics Miscellaneous 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 Final

Vocabulary Earth’s Structure Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Misc. 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

Water wave triggered by an earthquake

What is a tsunami?

Shaking of the ground caused by the sudden movement of large blocks of rock along a fault

What is an earthquake?

An underwater mountain range

What is a mid-ocean ridge?

At divergent boundaries, mid-ocean ridges mark these sites where the ocean floor is spreading apart. As the ridges continue to widen, a gap called a ___________ forms.

What is a rift valley?

When one plate sinks beneath another

What is subduction?

Earth’s thickest layer; less dense than metallic core

What is the mantle?

Thin layer of cool rock; surrounds the Earth like the shell of an egg

What is the crust?

DAILY DOUBLE DAILY DOUBLE

Earth’s crust and very top of the mantle; sits on top of this layer of hotter, softer rock in the upper mantle

What is the difference between lithosphere and asthenosphere?

Ball of hot, solid metals

What is the inner core?

Layer of liquid metals

What is the outer core?

German scientist that proposed the hypothesis known as Continental Drift

Who is Alfred Wegener?

What evidence did Wegener find to support Continental Drift (three things)?

What are fossils, climate, and geology?

The continents had once been joined together in a huge supercontinent

What is Pangaea?

Hot, soft rock rises, cools, and sinks, then is heated and rises again in the mantle because of

What is a convection current?

Earth’s continents were once joined in a single landmass and gradually moved, or drifted, apart.

What is Continental Drift?

This theory states that Earth’s lithosphere is made up of huge plates that move over the surface of the Earth.

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

North American, Eurasian, African, Indo-Australian, Pacific, Nazca, and Antarctic Plates

What are the major tectonic plates?

Occurs where plates scrape past each other.

What is a transform boundary?

Occurs where plates push together.

What is a convergent boundary?

Occurs where plates move apart. Most of these are found in the ocean.

What is a divergent boundary?

The force exerted when an object presses on, pulls on, or pushes against another object. Earthquakes release this.

What is stress?

A fracture or break, in Earth’s lithosphere, along which blocks of rock move past each other.

What is a fault?

Fastest seismic waves. They are first to any particular location after an earthquake.

What is a primary wave?

These seismic waves move along the Earth’s surface, not through the interior of the Earth.

What is a surface wave?

The second seismic waves to arrive at any particular location after an earthquake.

What are secondary waves?

Describe the three types earthquake waves.