URINE FORMATION NOTES are on a Smartboard Slide separate from this powerpoint. Continue with notes….

Important chemicals in the urinary system Juxtaglomerular Apparatus- .where the DCT meets the Aff. Arteriole The cells in these 2 locations are special Cells secrete an enzyme - (Renin), in response to an individual’s drop in blood pressure.

Renin stimulates a conversion of hormones from the liver and lungs. Angiotension II is produced and is a vasocontrictor that increases BP Stimulates Aldosterone [adrenal glands] and ADH [pit gland]

Aldosterone tells the DCT and Collecting Duct to reabsorb Na+. It follows that when Na+ is reabsorbed into the blood, H20 will follow, increasing Blood volume, and thus, blood pressure.

ADH works with aldosterone. ADH makes the cells of the collecting duct and DCT more permeable to H20 for reabsorption. Water moves from tubules to capillaries, resulting in increased blood volume and increased blood pressure

Ureters, BLADDER and Urethra   Ureters – paired tubes from hilus to bladder Enter underside of bladder. – 1-way valve 3-layered wall - middle is smooth muscle. Urinary Bladder – hollow muscular organ (500 ml capacity – can stretch to hold 2X as much) Trigone - region of three openings – 2 ureters and 1 urethra 4-layered wall – detrusor muscle – smooth muscle layer

Urethra – muscular tube – longer in males internal urethral sphincter - at junction of bladder and urethra – involuntary (smooth muscle) external urethral sphincter – voluntary – skeletal muscle   urination – voiding the bladder, micturition