Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Chapter 29 Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt

Progressives White, middle class Protestants Against: Monopolies Corruption Inefficiency Social injustice Laissez-faire policy PROGRESSIVE ERA (1901-1917)

How the Other Half Lives Jacob A. Riis, 1890 Photojournalism Focused on poor housing and living conditions of immigrants in the NY slums Result of apathy of the rich

“Muckrackers” Named by T.R. in 1906 Mudslinging magazines Attacked governments, corporations, oil, railroads, trusts, and social evils Ida Tarbell The History of Standard Oil Lincoln Steffens The Shame of Cities Opened the eyes of readers but only moderately successful in gaining change

T.R. and Muckrackers "the man who did nothing else was certain to become a force of evil.” “I hail as a benefactor…every writer or speaker, every man who, on the platform, or in book, magazine, or newspaper, with merciless severity makes such attack, provided always that he in turn remembers that that attack is of use only if it absolutely truthful”

Cosmo 1909

Collier’s

Progressivism in cities and states Most impressive gains in cities “Fighting Bob” LaFollette (Prog. Repub) WI. Experiment- reform laws for taxes, representation, and commerce regulation Initiative, referendum and recall to increase power of the voter in state and local politics Direct election of US Senators led to fed govt SEVENTEENTH Amendment, 1913 City govt sought reform caused by political machines, public utilities must act in public interest

Progressivism and Women “An extension, not rejection of social norms” Settlement house movement Literary Clubs Women’s Universities ILGWU Children’s Bureau (1912) and Women’s Bureau (1912) in the Dept of Labor Mother Jones-activist for labor rights Suffragettes-Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul Nineteenth Amendment, 1920 (FINALLY!)

Fire at Triangle Shirtwaist Company - 1911 NYC Lack of enforcement of factory regulations 146 workers died Emergence of workmen’s comp Reforms in garment factories

Mueller v. Oregon (1908) Constitutionality of laws protecting women workers Closed male jobs to women Paved way to less employer control in the workplace

Alcohol 1900 – 1 saloon for every 200 people in cities Gambling and prostitution Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Anti-saloon League 1 million members By WWI (1914) – ½ of pop lived in dry territories, major cities still wet Eighteenth Amendment, 1919

T.R’s Square Deal 3C’s (KNOW THESE) Control of Corporations Consumer Protection Conservation of Natural Resources

1902 Coal Strike PA coal workers on strike T.R. (friend of labor) tries to mediate T.R. threatened to seize mines, run with federal troops 10% pay raise and 9 hour days agreed upon 1903 Department of Commerce and Labor Bureau of Corporations : interstate commerce

T.R. the trust smasher Elkins Act (1903) – Fines for giving and receiving rebates/kickbacks Hepburn Act (1906) –regulate max rates RR can charge, ending price gouging of farmers Dissolved the Northern Securities Company J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill (HARMFUL TRUST) Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 (Upton Sinclair The Jungle) GOAL: Prove government, not business, runs the country

The Environment – pre T.R. Desert Land Act of 1877 and Carey Act of 1894 Purpose to irrigate and use western land Forest Reserve Act of 1891 46 million acres Carey Act 1894

T.R and Beyond Newlands Act (1902) Banned Xmas tree in WH Irrigation projects from sale of public land Dams (Roosevelt Dam in 1911) Banned Xmas tree in WH Other projects Jack London “Call of the Wild” Boy Scouts Sierra Club

“Roosevelt Panic of 1907” Selling of stocks, runs on banks Criminal indictments against speculators Fiscal Reforms Aldrich-Vreeland Act – national banks to issue emergency currency backed with collateral Led to Federal Reserve Act of 1913

TRUE DAT!

William Taft Elected in 1908 (T.R. promised only 2 terms) Politically handicap “Dollar Diplomacy” Encouraged U.S. $$ in foreign markets Strengthen defense and foreign policy Trustbuster Dissolved Standard Oil in 1911 Sherman Anti-Trust Act

“Read my lips…” Raised tariffs instead of lowering them Sixteenth Amendment-federal govt can collect income tax  Allowed public lands to be opened for development Split the Rep. party T.R. became an enemy (Bull Moose Party) Taft broke up U.S. Steel which T.R. had helped to form

Election of 1912… T.R. decided to run for 3rd term Convention in Chicago Roosevelt supporters claimed fraud and didn’t vote Taft won the nomination Roosevelt was not giving up…