Notes:

Elements: consist of only one type of particle can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen) cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical techniques (though some larger elements break-down spontaneously due to being radioactive)

Compounds: single particles made from two or more different elements that have bonded together chemically can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means; but not by physical means. always contains the same ratio of component atoms. have properties different from their component elements (e.g. the compound water (H2O) is a liquid at room temperature and pressure and has different chemical properties from those of the two elements, hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2), from which it is formed).

Mixtures: consist of two or more different types of element and/or compound particles physically intermingled can be separated into their constituent parts by physical means have many of the properties of their constituent parts

DONE

Filtration: Separation Technique 1: How It Works: A porous barrier (filter paper) is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. The smaller, liquid particles are able to move through the barrier, but the larger solid particles are not. Example: Sand and Water

Distillation: Separation Technique 2: How It Works: A mixture of two liquids with different boiling points is heated. The liquid with the lower boiling point will turn into a gas while the other substance remains a liquid. The gas rises and then is cooled and condensed back into a liquid state in a different container. Example: Water and Ethanol

Chromatography: Separation Technique 3: How It Works: separates the "mobile phase" of a mixture based on its ability to travel across the surface of another material (stationary phase). Example: pigments in ink This is why ink "bleeds" on paper when it gets wet.

Using a Magnet: Separation Technique 4: How It Works: separates substances with magnetic properties from substances that are not magnetic. Example: sulfur powder and iron filings

Crystallization: Separation Technique 5: How It Works: results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance that had been dissolved Example: water and sugar (rock candy)