Exploring North America SECTION 4 Exploring North America

RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS Martin Luther “95 Theses” 1517 Martin Luther “95 Theses” Complaints (Protest)against the Catholic Church RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS

PROTESTANT REFORMATION Christian religions born outside of Catholicism Lutheran (Martin Luther) Did not believe the Pope was any different than others Only God could forgive sins Shouldn’t be able to “confess” and make it all better without guilt People should work to do good, not whatever you want and then ask for forgiveness PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Calvinism John Calvin France, Netherlands, Scotland Rejected the idea of good works alone ensured salvation Believed in the all-powerful nature of God Missionaries spread faith Calvinism

Anglican King Henry VIII of England Began his own church Many similarities to Catholicism, BUT 6 wives, never gave him a son (heir) Had to get rid of them somehow… Made divorce legal Anglican

RELIGIOUS RIVALRIES Catholic French (NE) and Spanish (SW and SE) Vs Protestant Dutch and English (Atlantic coast) Rivalry filtered over into North America (US and Canada) RELIGIOUS RIVALRIES

French and Dutch had religious differences, but similar ideas on how to deal with Natives and purpose for being there. Spanish and English also had similar ideas RUTHLESS WATCH LATER…

Economics Mercantilism- System where a country’s value/ power is based on how much gold it has Export more than you import Use as few of your own products as possible Nation’s wealth comes before the wealth of the people

NORTHWEST PASSAGE Water route to Asia through the northern part of North America 1497 John Cabot - England 1524 Giovanni Verrazano - France 1535 Jacques Cartier – French Sailed up the St. Lawrence River Named place “Mont Royal” Montreal

HENRY HUDSON Dutch Present-day New York area and Canada Hudson River and Hudson Bay HENRY HUDSON

FRENCH GOALS Trading furs and fishing NOT extending an empire, spreading faith… Samuel de Champlain (Fur trader) Established settlement in Quebec FRENCH GOALS

DUTCH IN NEW YORK Manhattan Island Peter Minuit Paid $24 in beads, cloth, axes for the island DUTCH IN NEW YORK