Immigration, Industry & Innovation The North Immigration, Industry & Innovation

Immigrants Standard 8.47

Irish Immigrants -immigrants are very poor -they do the jobs no one else wants -lived mostly in city slums

Irish have difficulty getting jobs. Many native born Americans fear the immigrants will take their jobs

Built the railroads

Built the Erie Canal

Irish Flee the Potato Famine

Video Clip: Flight from Famine

German Immigrants -Flee Germany after a failed revolution -Many working class looking for job opportunities

Nativists—only like people from America Know-Nothing Party Anti-Catholic Anti-immigrant Nativists—only like people from America

Know-Nothing Party -wanted to extend time to become a citizen -to prevent foreign-born people from ever holding public office.

Growth, Cities, & Immigration Video Clip Growth, Cities, & Immigration

Industrial Revolution Standard 8.73

Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain Began building Textile Mills (made cloth) Water Frame-created by Richard Arkwright- produced stronger, thinner cotton thread Powered the spinning jenny by flowing water

Video Clip Mill Sounds

Industrial Revolution Samuel Slater smuggles mill plans out of Great Britain Built a mill in Rhode Island Mills spring up all over New England

Video Clip Samuel Slater

Industrial Revolution Most mills were located in the New England region. Built next to rivers and streams

Mill Life Hired entire families Built housing for families Company store Started paying with credit to the store

Lowell System Created by Francis Cabot Lowell Used water-powered textile mills Everything done at one location: loom that spun the thread AND weaved the cloth

Lowell System Textile mills that employed young, unmarried girls--- ”Lowell Girls” They lived at the factory and had to follow strict rules.

Video Clip Lowell Mills

Workers Organize Workers demand better working conditions and pay Organize trade unions Unions organize strikes

Sarah G. Bagley Founder of Lowell Female Labor Reform Association

Newsies vs. Lowell Girls Video Clip Newsies vs. Lowell Girls

Innovation Standard 8.73

Eli Whitney Interchangeable Parts: identical machine parts Easier to assemble Easier to fix and replace

Robert Fulton Made the first steamboat named Clermont Allowed for faster boat travel on rivers

Peter Cooper Built the 1st steam locomotive named Tom Thumb

Railroad By 1860, 30,000 miles of track and every major U.S. city linked

Samuel F. B. Morse Invented the telegraph Developed Morse code Series of dashes and dots representing the alphabet

John Deere Designed a steel tip plow Allows soil to be easily plowed

Cyrus McCormick Invented a harvesting machine to effectively cut down wheat Called the mechanical reaper or grain reaper

Elias Howe Invented the sewing machine

Isaac Singer Made improvements on Howe’s design By 1860, largest maker of sewing machines

Video Clip