The 18th Century Industrial Revolution The Advent of How the World Now Turns

What was the Industrial Revolution? A monumental shift in the production of goods from hand-craftsmanship methods to machine manufacturing…

What changes did the Industrial Revolution bring to Europe? New means of producing products Machine made v Artisan made Cost reduction… Quantity v. Quality debate New work skills required Job creation, discipline & schedules changed New products to buy Want v. Need… Consumerism created

Why Great Britain? London: population, hub of fashion & style Established communication Social Structure : monkey see, monkey do Colonies = raw materials source & market Free Trade & established infrastructure Stable & supportive government Social mobility Resources water, iron & coal

Cottage Industry aka Putting Out System: What do you see?

How did the Textile Industry change? Putting-out system aka domestic aka Cottage industry… Key inventions: Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves Water Frame by Richard Arkwright Leads to FACTORY PRODUCTION Power Loom by Edmund Cartwright Water Power is initial source What limitations are there at this point?

What impact did the Steam Engine have on Industrialism? Once James Watt perfects it… Flexible & mobile source of power Anywhere, anytime… just needs fuel Created new opportunities, spin-offs Engineering, manufacturing, service… Multiple applications Mining, transportation, factories… It is THE ENGINE of the Industrial Revolution

How did Great Britain become the leading producer of iron in the 18th c.? Huge iron & coal deposits Shift to coke burning = hotter temps Abraham Darby “smelting” >> Henry Cort’s innovations >> purer iron >> rolling mill >> lower cost >> increased applications >> $$$$$$$!

How did women’s roles change? Industrialism of farming & textiles… Male machine operation >> less demand ♀ ♀ shift to other hand-work = ‘women’s work’ Gender-based separation of work >>> Devaluation of female contribution Shift in opportunities for females Removal from technology, left behind… Men expected to be main provider, higher pay

Writing Application Construct a thesis & intro ¶ What factors led to Great Britain being at the forefront of the 18th c. Industrial Revolution? or Explain the impact industrialism had on women and their role in society.