The King’s Cross Fire London, England 1987

Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08 King’s Cross Station 1987 Model of the Station Busiest station in the subway system 250,000 passengers per day 100,000 passengers during rush hour 5 different lines pass through Original station built in 1852 Subway came in 1863 London subway is oldest in the world Subway is known as “The Tube” (Fennell, 1988) Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Escalator System at King’s Cross Ticketing Hall (Fennell, 1988) Escalator System at King’s Cross (Fennell, 1988) Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Escalator 5 Before the Fire Escalator Details vertical rise – 17.2 m (56.4 ft) incline angle – 30° speed – 32.5 m/min (106.5 ft/min) steps, risers and sides made of wood travel time – 1 min Escalator 5 Before the Fire (Fennell, 1988) Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Escalators After the Fire Fire Detection None Fire Suppression CO2 Extinguishers Manually operated sprinkler (Fennell, 2008) Escalators After the Fire Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08 Actual Time of Events 7:25 -----fire starts 7:29-----fire reported 7:30-----escalator stopped 7:30-----witness sees 3” flame (Fennell, 1988) Fire after 7 min. 54 sec. Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08 Actual Time of Events 7:32 -----escalators 5 & 6 stopped 7:33-----LFB receives call (Fennell, 1988) Fire after 8 min. 41 sec. Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08 (Fennell, 1988) (Fennell, 1988) Fire Underneath at 7 min. 11 sec. Running Track Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08 Actual Time of Events 7:35--------lower mechanical room inspected 7:37--------light smoke at station entrance 7:38--------upper mechanical room inspected 7:42/43---LFB arrives 7:45--------flashover occurs Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Escalator 4, start of fire damage area Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08 (Fennell, 1988) (Fennell, 1988) Ceiling Damage Ticket Office Damage Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08 (Fennell, 1988) Ticketing Hall (Fennell, 1988) Top of Escalators Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08

Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08 (Fennell, 1988) Scale Model Test of “Trench Effect” Fellows, King's Cross Fire, CE 808, Spring 08