Overview of Anatomy Anatomy – the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another Gross or macroscopic Microscopic Developmental

Microscopic Anatomy Cytology – study of the cell Histology – study of tissues

Developmental Anatomy Embryology – study of developmental changes of the body before birth

Gross Anatomy Regional – all structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg) Systemic – gross anatomy of the body studied by system Surface – study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin

Anatomical terminology This generally relates to: Names of the organ systems or regions Names of body organs or their parts Anatomical planes Anatomical locations http://www.anatomy.usyd.edu.au/glossary/

Anatomical planes

Anatomical Planes Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts Coronal or frontal– divides the body into anterior and posterior parts Horizontal or transverse (cross section) – divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Saggital plane

Coronal Plane

Horizontal Plane

Anatomical positions

Anatomical planes and positions

Anatomical movements

Anatomical movements Flexion Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones Extension Straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones Hyperextension Excessive extension of the parts at a joint beyond anatomical position.

Anatomical movements

Anatomical movements Adduction Moving a body part towards the midline of the body Abduction Moving a body part away from the midline of the body

Anatomical movements Prone Lying face down Supine Pronation Supine Lying face up Supination