Non-nationalist Loyalty: Class Loyalty University of Alberta students camped out on a heating vent on March 9, 2008. They were attempting to raise awareness of and money for homeless people.

An American soldier deployed to his family’s home country. Contending Loyalties An American soldier deployed to his family’s home country.

Cultural Pluralism

—Lucien Bouchard, former Quebec premier Sovereignist “In Quebec, we are a people, we are a nation, and as a nation we have a fundamental right to keep, maintain, and protect our territory . . . Canada is divisible because it is not a real country. There are two people, two nations, and two territories. An this one is ours.” —Lucien Bouchard, former Quebec premier

We are lawyers, teachers, doctors, merchants, and manufacturers Bourgeoisie We are lawyers, teachers, doctors, merchants, and manufacturers

Collective Consciousness An awareness shared by many people. It may be based on a shared memory of and pride in specific events, which become myths and symbols of belonging (i.e. The Oka Crisis).

—- Raymond Giroux, editorial writer for Le Soleil Federalist “Our Canada was born in 1534, not in 1867. Therein lies the deep Canadian misunderstanding. There lies, also, the source of the division in Quebec, torn between its old continental nationalism and its more recent, narrower, territorial nationalism . . . Even in a time of real political turmoil, Quebecois still consider themselves Canadians and are not read for what they see as a shameful retreat to the present boundaries of Quebec.” —- Raymond Giroux, editorial writer for Le Soleil

Reasonable Accommodation

Reconciliation An act of resolving differences and repairing relationships; it brings people together so they can live in peace

Nation-State I have physical borders and a single government that makes laws and conducts business on behalf of its citizens.

The power to control one’s own affairs. Self-determination The power to control one’s own affairs.

Nationalism The collective, shared sense of belonging of people who identify themselves as a nation

Between countries or nation-states International Between countries or nation-states

Love of country and an interest in its well-being Patriotism Love of country and an interest in its well-being