Can you identify most of these symbols Can you identify most of these symbols? What do they tell us about the society they come from?

Old World Civilizations

Indus Valley The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in what is present day Pakistan. It was named after the city of Harappa. Harappa and the city of Mohenjo-Daro were important centers of the Indus valley civilization. This Indus Valley “civilization” flourished around 4000-2000 B.C.

Old World Civilizations

Natural Resources The Indus Valley contained numerous natural resources that were an important part of Harappan civilization. Resources included: Fresh water and timber. Materials such as gold, silver, semi-precious stones. Marine resources.

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

Aerial View of Mohenjo- Daro

Great Bath

A Main Street, Mohenjo- Daro

Harappan Seals H

An interesting one...

Aryan Migration pastoral  depended on their cattle. warriors  horse-drawn chariots.

Remember that Proto Indo European language?

Sanskrit Nava = Ship…naval raja = ruler…regal deva = god… devine, devotion Matar = female family fig…mother mati = study of #’s…math trikonmati = High School Math Class…trigonometry

The Vedic Age (1500 BCE - 500 BCE)

The Vedas 1200 BCE-600 BCE. written in SANSKRIT. Hindu core of beliefs: hymns and poems. religious prayers. magical spells. lists of the gods and goddesses. Rig Veda  oldest work.

Varna (Social Hierarchy) Pariahs [Harijan]  Untouchables Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaishyas Shudras Pariahs [Harijan]  Untouchables

The foundations for Hinduism were established! The Vedic Age The foundations for Hinduism were established!

Hinduism

Three aspects/powers of the same divine being Hindu Trinity Brahma - the Creator Vishnu - the Preserver Shiva - the Destroyer Three aspects/powers of the same divine being

Karma - the law of cause and effect; “you reap what you sow” Basic Beliefs Karma - the law of cause and effect; “you reap what you sow” Reincarnation - eternal soul traverses through different bodies till it finds liberation

Four Goals of Human Life Kama – fulfillment of desires Artha – accumulation of wealth Dharma – performance of social and religious duties Moksha – freedom from want

Ahimsa Non violence. Hindues believed that all people and things are aspects of the higher spiritual power, and thus deserve to be respected

Jain Ascetics Jainism rejects the idea that only certain people can perform religious principals. It emphasizes meditation, self denial, and extreme ahimsa

Temples provide an atmosphere conducive for spiritual progress Temple Worship Temples provide an atmosphere conducive for spiritual progress Centers of social and cultural activities Provide a place for collective worship and prayers

History of Hinduism Originated between 4000 and 2000 BC No single founder Vedas: the oldest scriptures of Hinduism Veda means “to know” Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva Veda Upanishads explain the philosophical ideas in story and dialogue form