Essentials of Public Speaking Preparing Effective Visual Aids Chapter 10 Essentials of Public Speaking Cheryl Hamilton 5th Edition Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D. Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids Key Ideas The benefits of visual aids Types of visual aids General visual aid design principles Designing computer-generated slides Designing text and graphic visuals Customizing computer slides Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids Flashback . . . Aristotle knew that audiences paid more attention to and were more persuaded by visual images. In his Rhetoric, he says: “Words and graphic metaphors should “set the scene before our eyes.” He defines graphic as “making your hearers see things.” (W. Rhys Roberts, trans., in The Works of Aristotle, Vol. II [London: Oxford University Press, 1971], pp. 663, 664) Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Benefits of Visual Aids Speed comprehension & add interest Improve audience memory and recall Pictures or images produce better recall Color pictures produce the best recall 70% 72% 85% Recall After 3 hours Verbal only Visual and 10% 20% 65% Recall After 3 days Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Benefits of Visual Aids Decrease presentation time Meetings take less time when visuals are used University of Minnesota and 3M study found visuals reduce average business meeting by 28% Improve speaker credibility Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids Types of Visual Aids Objects, Models and Handouts Flip Charts and Posters Marker boards and Chalkboards Audiovisual aids Computer-Generates Slides Text slides Graphic slides Graphs Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids Planning Visuals Begin with audience in mind Design the visual from the perceptive of the audience Well designed visuals create audience interest and involvement Use both text and graphic visuals Consider the benefits of color Color visuals are more persuasive Color advertisements are more persuasive Colors add spatial dimensions Colors produce emotional response Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Planning Visuals Length of speech + 1 = maximum # of visuals 2 Determine the number of visuals Length of speech + 1 = maximum # of visuals 2 Example: 10 minute speech = maximum of 6 visuals Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Chapter 11– Preparing Effective Visual Aids Planning Visuals Avoid PowerPoint Poisoning Too many PowerPoint slides Too many bullets Confusing slides Chapter 11– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Basic Design Principles Contrast – avoid similar elements Repetition – repeat visual elements of the design Alignment – elements are visually connected Proximity – group related elements close together Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Choosing a Day Care Location Outside appearance Interior Not enough contrast Bullets too light Type sizes similar Not enough repetition Title need to be repeated Bullets need to be filled in Alignment – title and underline need connection Proximity is weak Equal space between title and main points Bulleted points too far apart Location Outside appearance Interior Directors and teachers Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids Choosing a Day Care Why is this visual more powerful? (What else is needed?) Location Outside Appearance Interior Directors and Teachers Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

General Design Principles (817)555-1212 Used Cars Connor Blake 6195 Del Ln. Mansfield, Tx. How could design principles help this business card? Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

General Design Principles Connor Blake Used Cars 6195 Del Lane Mansfield, Texas (817) 555-1212 Redesigned business card Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids Designing Visuals Tip #1: Use the Font Size Title Subtitle Text Posters, flipcharts, Chalkboards, Markerboards 3 in. high 2-2½ in. high 1½ in. high Computer –Generated Slides 30-36 pt 24 pt 18 pt (24 if no subtitle) Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Selecting and Designing Visuals Tip #2: Use typefaces with care San serif–great for titles and subtitles. Serif–readable when small. Typefaces project a tone or image. Official Times Roman Sophisticated Garamond Playful Bodoni Black Trendy Bodoni Professional Arial Friendly Century Young Verdana Urban Tahoma Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Tip#3: Design Tips for Text Slides YOU SHOULD USE ONLY FOUR TO SIX LINES OF TYPE PER VISUAL. BE SURE TO LIMIT EACH LINE TO NOT MORE THAN FORTY CHARACTERS. IT IS BEST TO USE PHRASES RATHER THAN SENTENCES. USING A SIMPLE TYPEFACE IS EASIER TO READ AND DOES NOT DETRACT FROM YOUR PRESENTATION. IF YOU ALLOW THE SAME AMOUNT OF SPACE AT THE TOP OF EACH VISUAL, YOU MAKE IT EASIER FOR YOUR LISTENERS TO FOLLOW YOU. YOU CAN EMPHASIZE YOUR MAIN POINTS WITH COLOR AND LARGE TYPE. IF YOU USE UPPER- AND LOWER CASE TYPE, IT IS EASIER TO READ (How many rule violations can you find?) Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Tip#3: Design Tips for Text Slides 4 to 6 lines of text 40 characters wide Phrases not sentences Same space at the top and bottom of visuals Simple typeface Use photos/clip art, larger type and color for emphasis Upper/lowercase type Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Tip #4: Design Tips for Graphic Slides Limit data to what is absolutely necessary Keep background lines and data points to a minimum Not This This Sales plummeted in 2005 2 4 6 8 1 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sales Earnings Dividends (In thousands) ‘04 ‘03 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 2008 Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Tip #4: Group Data When Possible Energy Costs Other Expenses $ 1.2 million Energy costs $ 3.6 Million Not This Profits Energy Costs This Profits Raw materials Energy costs $ 3.6 Million Consulting Advertising Debt interest Administrative Salaries Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Tip #4: Make bars Wider than Spaces Between This Not This Surfsailors Beat Competition in 2005 Surfsailors Boardbees Sandbaggers Sunscouts Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Tip #5: Use Color with Extra Care Use the same color scheme for all visuals in speech Know the difference between hue and saturation Hue is an actual color Saturation is the amount of color for a selected hue Use different hues for unrelated items and a single hue for related items Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Tip #5: Use Color with Extra Care Use fully saturated hues for graphs and charts Use low saturated hues for backgrounds and texts Contrast text and figures with background Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Tip #5: Use Color with Extra Care Avoid using colors that look the same at a distance Limit the number of colors you use Avoid using opposites on the color wheel next to each other Project slides to ensure effective color choices Twelve-Hue Color Wheel Chapter 10– Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Using powerpoint to customize visuals Type speech outline into Speech Template or design template Turn off rulers and guides Turn off snap to grid feature Download PowerPoint Speaker’s Guide Use a design template or customize text, bullets, clip art, color, sound and movement Save presentation to CD or thumb drive and test Chapter 10 – Preparing Effective Visual Aids

Essentials of Public Speaking Preparing Effective Visual Aids Chapter 10 Essentials of Public Speaking Cheryl Hamilton 5th Edition Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D. Chapter 10 – Preparing Effective Visual Aids