OSHA 101 MsR3, LLC

Game plan on OSHA 101 Provide you a little interesting history and statistics on deaths and reasons for Safety/OSHA. Discuss OSHA basics-very briefly. Cover OSHA top 10 violations-very briefly. Review a few proactive measures to keep your organization on top regarding performance and culture.

What are you most likely to die from (statically speaking of course).

Death… The Odds are not with you

Consider…

Home Safety! Source: National Safety Council Injury Facts

HOWEVER…Cost of unintentional injuries (larger pie) Motor Vehicle Is equivalent to: All injuries ($730.7 billion) 84 cents of every dollar paid in federal personal income taxes, or 51 cents of every dollar spent on food in the U.S. Source: National Safety Council Injury Facts 2012

So let’s focus now on Workplaces…

$$$ Spending... America spends $59.87 billion on disabling workplace injuries. Liberty Mutual 2017 Workplace Safety Index Work related injuries and deaths cost society about $142.5 Million every year. National Safety Council estimates

You can’t do today’s job with yesterday’s methods and be in business tomorrow. ~Anonymous

Times HAVE changed

2083-Trans. 849-falls. 761-contact. 866-viol. 518-exposures 2083-Trans 849-falls 761-contact 866-viol 518-exposures 88-fires In 1992-611 falls, in 2002-719 falls 2016- 849

A tragic trend… In 2016 there were 5190 OTJ fatalities. 7% increase - highest since 2008. 1st time in a decade OTJ deaths topped over 5000.

A tragic trend… Transportation-40% of OTJ fatalities. Slips, trips, falls continue upward trend-25% increase since 2011. Older worker highest % since BLS began in 1992. Logging, hospitality and leisure had highest rate increase. Texas (545, Calif. (376), FL. (309), NY 272) states with highest fatality rates.

Tragic trends continued... Workplace violence increase by 23% to now be the 2nd most common cause of fatal event-866 cases. Suicide increased to the highest figure since recording began in 1992-500 cases. Overdoses OTJ 32% increase

Always some positives!!! Sectors with fatality rate decrease: Mining, oil/gas decreased in 2016 by 26% Healthcare and technical operations decrease by 19% Military operations decrease by 15% Production Operation by 14%

Jobs: Increase since OSHA Does OSHA help?… Jobs: Increase since OSHA OTJ Deaths since OSHA Thousand workers

Where do standards & guidance documents come from? American National Standards Institute (ANSI) National Electric Codes (NEC) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) National Fire Protection Administration (NFPA) Compressed Gas Association Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) Many, many, more…

Where do standards & guidance documents come from? Many, many, more… National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) Insurance Carriers (Ex: Factory Mutual, Liberty Mutual, Hartford, Wells Fargo, etc.) (EPA, DOT, ANSI, NFPA)

OSHA Website… The General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970, employers are required to provide their employees with a place of employment that "is free from recognizable hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious harm to employees." The courts have interpreted OSHA's general duty clause to mean that an employer has a legal obligation to provide a workplace free of conditions or activities that either the employer or industry recognizes as hazardous and that cause, or are likely to cause, death or serious physical harm to employees when there is a feasible method to abate the hazard.

Welcome to Who Wants to be a Millionaire … 50:50 OK, let’s Learn a little more about OSHA (while having some fun)! Welcome to Who Wants to be a Millionaire … 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 1 $100

Enter $1000 Question OSHA has been around since… 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 Enter $1000 Question 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 OSHA has been around since… 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 Source: OSHA https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/workplaceviolence/ A: 1950 B: 1960 C: 1970 D: 1980

Enter $5,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 Enter $5,000 Question 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 OSHA maximum fines for willful, repeat violations… 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 A: $1 Million Rubles B: $80,000 C: $126, 749 D. $66,660

Enter $10,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 Enter $10,000 Question 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 OSHA 1970-2017 largest penalty was… 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 A: $1 Million Rubles B: $2.6 Million C: $87 Million D. $126,749

Enter $50,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 How many states have OSHA approved state plans?… 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 21 cover all employees, 5 + 1 territory for gov’t only A: 38 B. 15 C. 10 D: 26

Enter $50,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 What is Americas most common workplace injury? 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 A: Workplace violence B. Repetitive Injuries C. Falls D: Hearing Loss

Enter $100,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 Workers Compensation Costs American Businesses… 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 B: Over $1 Billion/Week A: $53 Billion/yr C: Way more than they should D: All of the Above

Enter $200,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 Enter $200,000 Question 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 OSHA does not cover… 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 A. Farm Workers if family B. Mine Workers C. Government employees (unless OSHA state) D: All of the Above

Enter $300,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 How many new OSHA enforcement officers, compliance assistance and VPPA staff Officers are budgeted for 2019... 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 Currently 2100 officers for 130 million workers A: 10+2+2 B: 42+24+8 C: 2+10+4 D: None of the Above

Enter $400,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 Enter $400,000 Question 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 6 $2,000 Currently OSHA regulations are... 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 A: Increasing 4 to 1 B: Decreasing 10 for 1 C: Decreasing 3 for 1 D: Stagnate

Enter $500,000 Question Safest place to work? 15 $1 Million 14 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 Enter $500,000 Question 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 Safest place to work? 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 A: Self-employed B: Corporate C: Contract/temporary D: OSHA

Enter $500,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 Enter $500,000 Question 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 7 $4,000 Which of these is False? 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 B: Accidents are always preventable A: Death affects just you. C: Disability affects just you. D: Accidents are preventable by PPE

Enter $600,000 Question 15 $1 Million 14 $500,000 13 $250,000 12 $125,000 Enter $600,000 Question 11 $64,000 10 $32,000 9 $16,000 8 $8,000 In business today your safety performance affects… 7 $4,000 6 $2,000 5 $1,000 4 $500 3 $300 2 $200 50:50 1 $100 A: Your Reputation B: Your insurance D: Your attitude C: Your profit

YOU Didn’t WIN $1 Million Dollars but hopefully you know a little more about OSHA

A few Historic Horrid Death Events Wars Significant Tragedies Re: workplaces Civil War: 640,000 WWI: 405,399 WWII: 33,746 Korea: 33,746 Vietnam: 58,152 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire: 146 Hawks Nest: 476-764 Texas City (1947): 400-600 911: 2996 - 6000 Deep Water Horizon: 11 Bhopal: 15,000

Data? Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) began recording data in 1992-1993. Data gathering and verifying lags Remember OSHA started in 1970

Most frequently cited OSHA standards during FY 2016 inspections www.osha.gov 1. Fall Protection 2. Hazard Communication 3. Scaffolding 4. Respiratory Protection 5. Lockout/Tagout 6. Powered Industrial Trucks 7. Ladders 8. Machine Guarding 9. Electrical – Wiring Methods 10. Electrical – General Requirements Top Ten Violations Most frequently cited OSHA standards during FY 2016 inspections This is a list of the top 10 most frequently cited standards following inspections of worksites by federal OSHA. OSHA publishes this list to alert employers about these commonly cited standards so they can take steps to find and fix recognized hazards addressed in these and other standards before OSHA shows up. The following slides show the top 5 sub-sections that OSHA cites for each of these standards.

2016 2017 1. Fall Protection-6072 2. Hazard Communication-4176 3. Scaffolding-3288 4. Respiratory Protection-3097 5. Lockout/Tagout-2877 6. Powered Ind. Trucks-2162 7. Ladders-2241 8. Machine Guarding-1933 9. Electrical - Wiring Methods & Fall training-1523 10. Electrical - General Req.- 1405

OSHA Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 1) 1926.501 - Fall Protection   1926.501(b)(13) (3,909 violations) – fall protection in residential construction 1926.501(b)(1) (1,278 violations) – unprotected sides and edges 1926.501(b)(10) (624 violations) – roofing work on low-slope roofs 1926.501(b)(11) (522 violations) – steep roofs 1926.501(b)(4)(i) (154 violations) – protection from falling through holes, including skylights

Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 2) 1910.1200 - Hazard Communication   1910.1200(e)(1) (1,832 violations) – written hazard communication program 1910.1200(h)(1) (1,446 violations) – employee information and training 1910.1200(g)(8) (464 violations) – maintaining copies of Safety Data Sheets in the workplace and ensuring that they are readily available to employees 1910.1200(g)(1) (386 violations) – having Safety Data Sheets in the workplace for each hazardous chemical 1910.1200(h)(3)(iv) (335 violations) – training on details of employer’s hazard communication program

(with top 5 sections cited) Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 3) 1926.451 - Scaffolding   1926.451(g)(1) (614 violations) – fall protection 1926.451(e)(1) (507 violations) – providing access 1926.451(b)(1) (464 violations) – platform construction 1926.451(g)(1)(vii) (324 violations) – use of personal fall arrest or guardrail systems 1926.451(g)(4)(i) (203 violations) – installation of guardrail systems

Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 4) 1910.134 – Respiratory Protection   1910.134(e)(1) (614 violations) – medical evaluation to determine employee’s ability to use a respirator 1910.134(c)(1) (499 violations) – written respiratory protection program 1910.134(f)(2) (341 violations) – fit testing for employees using a tight-fitting facepiece respirator: testing frequency 1910.134(c)(2)(i) (240 violations) – providing respirators at request of employees or permitting employees to use their own respirators 1910.134(d)(1)(iii) (235 violations) – respirator selection: evaluation of respiratory hazards in workplace

Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 5) 1910.147 – Lockout/Tagout   1910.147(c)(4)(i) (644 violations) – developing, documenting, and utilizing energy control procedures 1910.147(c)(1) (440 violations) – establishing an energy control program 1910.147(c)(6)(i) (374 violations) – periodic inspection of energy control procedure at least annually 1910.147(c)(7)(i) (289 violations) – training on the energy control program 1910.147(c)(7)(i)(A) (196 violations) – training on the energy control program: recognition of hazardous energy sources and other topics

Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 6) 1910.178 – Powered Industrial Trucks   1910.178(l)(1)(i) (617 violations) – operator training: ensuring that operators are competent to safely operate a powered industrial vehicle as demonstrated by completion of training and evaluation 1910.178(l)(4)(iii) (298 violations) – refresher training and evaluation: evaluation of operator’s performance must be conducted at least once every three years 1910.178(l)(6) (288 violations) – certification of operator training and evaluation 1910.178(p)(1) (255 violations) – taking powered industrial trucks out of service when in need of repair, defective, or unsafe 1910.178(q)(7) (185 violations) – examining powered industrial trucks daily or after each shift before placing them in service

Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 7) 1926.1053 - Ladders   1926.1053(b)(1) (1,457 violations) – extending portable ladder side rails at least 3 feet above upper landing surface 1926.1053(b)(4) (354 violations) – using ladders only for purpose for which they were designed 1926.1053(b)(13) (235 violations) – not using the top or top step of a stepladder as a step 1926.1053(b)(16) (127 violations) – marking or tagging portable ladders with structural defects and removing them from service 1926.1053(b)(22) (75 violations) – not carrying objects/loads that could cause employee to lose balance and fall

Fall Standard? What fall standard?

San Francisco bridge 1500 deaths over 80 years (suicides). 24 during construction.

Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 8) 1910.212 – Machine Guarding   1910.212(a)(1) (1,486 violations) – providing one or more methods of machine guarding 1910.212(a)(3)(ii) (615 violations) – point of operation guarding 1910.212(b) (156 violations) – anchoring fixed machinery 1910.212(a)(2) (68 violations) – affixing guards to the machine 1910.212(a)(5) (49 violations) – guarding fan blades

Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 9) 1910.305 – Electrical, Wiring Methods   1910.305(g)(1)(iv)(A) (338 violations) – not using flexible cords and cables as a substitute for the fixed wiring of a structure 1910.305(b)(1)(ii) (314 violations) – closing unused openings in cabinets, boxes, and fittings 1910.305(g)(2)(iii) (301 violations) – connecting flexible cords and cables to devices and fittings so that strain relief is provided that will prevent pull from being directly transmitted to joints or terminal screws 1910.305(b)(2)(i) (250 violations) – providing pull boxes, junction boxes, and fittings with covers identified for the purpose 1910.305(b)(1)(i) (76 violations) – protecting conductors entering cutout boxes, cabinets, or fittings from abrasion

Top Ten Violations: FY 2016 (with top 5 sections cited) 10) 1910.303 – Electrical, General   1910.303(b)(2) (443 violations) – installing and using listed or labeled equipment in accordance with instructions included in the listing or labeling 1910.303(g)(2)(i) (167 violations) – guarding live parts (600 volts, nominal, or less to ground) 1910.303(g)(1)(ii) (167 violations) – no use of working space for storage, and guarding working space 1910.303(g)(1) (163 violations) – sufficient access and working space about electrical equipment (600 volts, nominal, or less to ground) 1910.303(f)(2) (149 violations) – marking service, feeder, and branch circuits at their disconnecting means or overcurrent device

Top Ten Violations FY 2016 Fall Protection, Duty to Have (1926.501) Scaffolding (1926.451) Ladders (1926.1053) Fall Protection, Training (1926.503) Eye and Face Protection (1926.102) Hazard Communication (1910.1200) Head Protection (1926.100) General Safety and Health Provisions (1926.20) Aerial Lifts (1926.453) Fall Protection, Systems Criteria and Practices (1926.502) This is a list of the top 10 most frequently cited OSHA standards during inspections of construction worksites in FY 2016.

Fines by OSHA…

The true cost of accidents/losses~4 to 1 For every $1 of insurable cost (direct cost) spent on a claim, there is $4 of uninsurable cost (indirect cost) Check out OSHA’s “Safety Pays” Lost Wages, Administrative, Property damage, Litigation, Turnover, Production, Insurance, Discipline, Re-training

Is this Safe. Can you spot at least 4 hazards Is this Safe? Can you spot at least 4 hazards? Can you think of solutions? Are their any positive activities you also see? Never forget to emphasis what you want repeated.

Have we advanced tremendously? What is root cause?…

Relevance to Business: In Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs as well as many other studies, safety is an essential component to optimal human performance. In the simplest of terms: We all work better when we feel we are cared about and a safe workplace pays off in countless ways. Self-Acceptance Ego Social Safety/Security Food, Shelter, No-Pain 11/15/2018

Culture: Happier Employees in a Healthier Environment = What are the monetary benefits of a solid/positive safety culture? Three recent studies suggest that companies that excel at worker health and safety also thrive in stock market value. Returns of 204% to 333% during a 13 year period compared with 105 % in the S&P 500. -Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine (Jan. 2016) Reduced Disruption Reduced Losses Increased Production

Relevance to Business: Safety is a Line Management Function However, culture is created from the top down; AKA: What is important to your boss is important to you. However, all individuals can impact the Safety Culture of an organization. 11/15/2018

Do you want a great safety program? Setting a goal is not the main thing. It is deciding how you will go about achieving it and staying with that plan. -Tom Landry

ATTITUDES Safety is an attitude. Is yours worth catching? Make Safety a Goal: Specific Agreed Upon Fun is something repeated Enthusiastic Time Bound Yours

Go Forth and …. Be Smart, Be Safe BE THE HERO YOU KNOW YOU ARE! A SAFETY LEADER and continue to make a difference in lives!

Did we reach our goals on our game plan on OSHA 101? Did we provide you a little interesting history and statistics on deaths and reasons for Safety/OSHA. Did we discuss OSHA basics-very briefly. Did we cover OSHA top 10 violations-very briefly. Did we review a few proactive measures to keep your organization on top regarding performance and culture?