ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 5AP4 a result of mitosis

Objective I will know how the types of asexual reproduction differ and an example of each form?

In asexual reproduction, one parent organism produces offspring. Because the offspring inherit all their DNA from one parent, they are genetically identical to each other and to their parent.

Asexual reproduction provides very little genetic variety.

FORMS OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Fission/Mitotic cell division Fragmentation Budding Regeneration Spore Cloning Vegetative reproduction

Types of asexual reproduction Cell division in prokaryotes is known as fission. fission from Latin fissionem, means “a breaking up, cleaving”

Types of asexual reproduction (cont.) A prokaryote’s DNA molecule is copied and each copy attaches to the cell membrane. The cell grows longer, pulling the two copies of DNA apart while the cell membrane begins to pinch inward along the middle of the cell.

Types of asexual reproduction (cont.) Through fission, the cell splits and forms two new identical offspring. Example: bacteria

Mitotic Cell Division example: ameba In mitotic cell division, a unicellular (Eukaryotic) parent cell becomes two identical offspring. The parent cell no longer exists. example: ameba

fragmentation a form of asexual reproduction caused by the breaking of a colonial organism by a physical disturbance Example: Spirogyra

budding In budding, a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent. It then separates from the parent to form a new organisms. Examples: yeast hydra

regeneration the ability to replace missing structure; in some organisms, serves as a method of reproduction Examples: Planarians Sea stars Sponges Sea urchins Sea cucumbers

regeneration Animal regeneration occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent.

spore a cell with a hard protective covering Examples: mold mushrooms

Types of asexual reproduction (cont.) Cloning is a type of asexual reproduction performed in a laboratory that produces identical individuals from a cell or from a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism. Scientists have been able to clone many animals with the chromosomes from one parent.

Animal Cloning

Animal Cloning

Plant Cloning Some plants can be cloned using a method called tissue culture.