Introduction to the Animal Kingdom The Invertebrates Introduction to the Animal Kingdom

the study of the animal kingdom Zoology the study of the animal kingdom

Nine Processes 1. Movement 2. Support motile locomotion sessile permanently fixed 2. Support exoskeleton tough plates covering the outside endoskeleton lighter, more flexible internal system of bones or cartilage

3. Protective Body Covering single layer of cells or fur, scales, skin, feathers, shells Spines, quills, poisonous skin secretions, shells, tough hides or camouflaging coloration 4. Nutrition heterotrophic includes several processes ingestion – intake of food digestion – the breakdown of food assimilation – the absorption of food

5. Respiration 6. Circulation intake of oxygen for use in cellular respiration skin, gills, lungs, tubules 6. Circulation closed system blood/fluid contained within vessels open system blood/fluid exits vessels to bathe surrounding tissues

7. Excretion specialized organs that eliminate soluble wastes ammonia is the primary waste product release by animal cells 8. Response Irritability the ability to respond to the environment nerve net, ganglion, brain

9. Reproduction some asexual budding regeneration all sexual embryonic stages larval stages

Symmetry the balance of form on each side of a dividing line symmetrical vs. asymmetrical types spherical radial bilateral

Common terms of animal anatomy (Memorize! Page 343) Cephalic – concerning the head Caudal – concerning the tail Anterior – toward the front Posterior – toward the rear Dorsal – upper surface; back Ventral – lower surface; front Lateral – toward the side Medial – toward the middle Midline – divides into right and left Transverse – perpendicular to midline

Animal Classification vertebrates animals with backbones 5% of all animals invertebrates animals without backbones 95% of all animals

Animal Species other arthropods insects other invertebrates chordates