Why do we classify things? copyright cmassengale Classification Why do we classify things? copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived New organisms are still being found and identified copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale We Classify because… We accurately name organisms We don’t want to call starfish and jellyfish…fish We use same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names copyright cmassengale
Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist Classified organisms by their structure Developed naming system still used today copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Linnaeus Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature Two-word name (Genus & species) copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Rules when naming… Genus species Latin or Greek Italicized in print Capitalize genus, but NOT species Underline when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin copyright cmassengale
Binomial Nomenclature Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale
Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. copyright cmassengale
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copyright cmassengale Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Archaea and Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Kingdom Monera Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale ARCHAEA Probably the 1st cells to evolve Live in HARSH environments Found in: Sewage Treatment Plants Thermal or Volcanic Vents Hot Springs or Geysers Very salty water copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale BACTERIA Some may cause DISEASE Important decomposers for environment Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc. copyright cmassengale
Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms… Protista (protozoans, algae) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts ) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals) copyright cmassengale
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copyright cmassengale Taxons Most genera contain a number of similar species genus Homo only contains modern humans Classification is based on evolutionary relationships copyright cmassengale
Modern Taxonomy based on… Homologous structures same structure, different function Similar embryo development Molecular Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins copyright cmassengale
Homologous Structures show similarities copyright cmassengale in mammals copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Dichotomous Key copyright cmassengale