Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer: A European Expert Panel Review  Claude C. Schulman, Jacques Irani, Juan Morote, Jack A. Schalken, Francesco Montorsi, Piotr L. Chlosta, Axel Heidenreich  European Urology Supplements  Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 675-691 (October 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2010.07.001 Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Overall survival with external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) plus androgen-deprivation therapy (n=207) versus EBRT alone (n=208) in high-risk localised or locally advanced prostate cancer. Reproduced with permission from Bolla et al [3]. CI=confidence interval; N=number of patients; O=number of deaths. European Urology Supplements 2010 9, 675-691DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2010.07.001) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Survival free from clinical metastasis with early androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) initiated at prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤5 ng/ml versus late ADT in patients with biochemical recurrence following definitive local therapy and Gleason score >7 or PSA doubling time ≤12 mo (n=343). Reproduced with permission from Moul et al [46]. HT=hormonal therapy. European Urology Supplements 2010 9, 675-691DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2010.07.001) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Mean testosterone levels in five studies of patients treated with bilateral orchidectomy [49,50–53]. Reproduced with permission from Tombal and Berges [54]. European Urology Supplements 2010 9, 675-691DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2010.07.001) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Survival free from androgen-independent progression in patients with all three testosterone determinations <20 ng/dl (group 1), patients with breakthrough increases 20–50 ng/dl (group 2), and patients with breakthrough increases >50 ng/dl (group 3). Reproduced with permission from Morote et al [58]. ADT=androgen-deprivation therapy; PSA=prostate-specific antigen. European Urology Supplements 2010 9, 675-691DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2010.07.001) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Overall survival with continuous (n=312) versus intermittent (n=314) androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. Reproduced with permission from Calais da Silva et al [72]. European Urology Supplements 2010 9, 675-691DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2010.07.001) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Kaplan-Meier estimate of probability of cardiovascular events over time in an observational study of men with prostate cancer who received androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) (n=4810) or did not receive ADT (n=18 006). Reproduced with permission from Saigal et al [87]. CL=confidence limit; NA=not applicable. European Urology Supplements 2010 9, 675-691DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2010.07.001) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions