Looking for Evidence at the Crime Scene

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Presentation transcript:

Looking for Evidence at the Crime Scene Notes 1.3

Fourth Amendment The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizure, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Part 1. Search and Seizure Laws Evidence can be collected With a search warrant signed by a judge Must state: Probable cause Where, and hours What searching for

Search and Seizure Laws Evidence can be collected Without a search warrant if the officer sees a crime in progress

Search and Seizure Laws Evidence can be collected Without a search warrant if the integrity of the evidence is in jeopardy, or When there is consent.

The Chain of Custody A complete record of who has the evidence at every moment from collection to courtroom must be kept.

Part 2. How to Find Evidence…. Strip/Line Method Grid Method Zone/Quadrant Method Spiral Method (see Chapter 2, page 37in Textbook)

when looking for relatively small objects Strip or Line Method start Good for small areas when looking for relatively small objects

Grid Method start Good for small areas when looking for very small objects that might be missed by a single searcher

Zone or Quadrant Method Good for areas when the relationship between pieces of evidence is important (firearm trajectory, blood spatters…)

Spiral Method Good for very large areas when looking for relatively large objects

Part 3. How to Measure Evidence…. Rectangular Coordinates Triangulation Transecting Baseline GPS (polar coordinates) Secondary reference points

Rectangular Coordinates measurements are taken from the two nearest perpendicular walls

Triangulation Measurements are taken from the two fixed reference points

Transecting Baseline Measurements are taken from and along a metal tape placed at a central location

GPS (polar coordinates) Measurements are taken using a global positioning satellite

Secondary Reference Points Measurements to evidence item are taken from the location of other evidence items

Which method is best for… 1. looking for bullet casings in a drive-by shooting? 2. looking for a missing person lost in the woods? 3. looking for fingerprints in a bank robbery?

Your Assignment Today/Tomorrow you will be presented with a small “crime scene”. You will need to locate the five items of evidence, triangulate them from two adjacent corners and determine their size. In addition you will need to record the size of the “room” and the location of the “door”. Create a data table (s) to record the information. Create a possible scenario to help explain the circumstances.