Comparing Reproduction Styles Write down the stuff in RED or BLUE at least…

Create this answer blank in your notebook: 1.Honey Bee _______ 2. Pink Salmon _______ 3. Sunflower _______ 4. Leopard Frog _______ 5. Baker’s Yeast _______ 6. Bald Eagle ________ 7. Sea Horse ________ 8. Brittle Star _______ 9. Monarch Butterfly _______ 10. Salmonella _______ 11. Giant Amoeba _______ 12. Coast Redwood ________ 13. Volvox ________ 14. Sand Scorpion _______ 15. Flat Back Sea Turtle ______ 16. Grizzly Bear ______ 17. Earthworm _______ 18. Whiptail Lizard ________ 19. Strawberry ________ 20. Red Kangaroo _______ 21. Saguaro Cactus ________ S S S A S S B S A A B A S S S S A B S S 22. The organisms that reproduce asexually are usually simple (single-celled) or other simple organisms. 23. If there is no mate, or if it needs to reproduce very quickly, then it will reproduce asexually.

Vocabulary Variation: differences Efficient: Working well with no waste Offspring: babies sexual: two organisms reproducing asexual: without sex sperm: male sex cell egg: female sex cell

WHY Reproduction? Organisms (plants, animals, bacteria) all want to live long enough and be healthy enough to reproduce and pass their traits on to the next generation.

REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Reproduction is the creation of new individuals from existing individuals This can happen in two ways: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Make this chart in your notes Sexual Repro Asexual Repro # of Parents Offspring Variation Speed Energy Required Efficient?

Sexual Reproduction Most people know how this happens Male parent cell + female parent cell Half (50%) of the genetic information from each parent Some organisms have both male and female parts (eg. Worms, trees, flowers, some fish)

Sexual Reproduction - Advantages Big advantage to sexual reproduction is that the offspring will NOT be the same as the parents. Since only ½ of the genetic blueprint comes from each parent, VARIATION is high. Some offspring can mutate to survive better than their parents cannot

Sexual Reproduction - Disadvantages Takes lots of energy to form sex cells: eggs/sperm/pollen/ special structures Takes lots of time to locate a mate, then convince that mate that “you are the one” Is not very efficient – many sperm cells are wasted

Examples of Sexual Reproduction: Mammals Birds Fish Insects Plants that produce pollen Pollen is plant sperm If it has flowers = sexual reproduction

Fill in the “Sexual” half of your chart Sexual Repro Asexual Repro # of Parents 2 Offspring Variation (How much alike are parents and babies?) High Medium None Speed (How relatively fast is this type?) Fast Medium Slow Energy Required (How much energy is required for making structures or special cells?) High Medium Slow Efficient? (How many cells actually turn into offspring?) High Medium Low

Asexual Reproduction Asexual means without sex Only one parent 100% of genetic information is passed, so offspring are identical Since one cell = one baby, this method is fast and efficient

Some Common Forms of Asexual Reproduction: Budding Stolons Fragmentation Regeneration Binary Fission (split in 2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXaswpUjK-M Click above to watch some asexual reproduction in action

Budding Offspring grows out of the body of the parent. Offspring breaks off when it is mature enough. Example: Hydra Tulips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXaswpUjK-M Hydra Tulips Yeast

Stolons Plants that are in a good location send out a runner This runner becomes a new plant that can be separated Eg. strawberries, Aspen – largest organism

Fragmentation Parent breaks into pieces Each piece can regenerate to produce an offspring Example: Planaria – divides down the middle

Regeneration If a piece of a parent is detached, it can re-grow the detached part to become whole again. The detached portion can also re-grow the missing parts to become whole again Example: Sea Stars

Binary Fission Binary means 2 Fission means split Happens mostly in simple, single celled organisms Example: bacteria

Man-Made Asexual Reproduction Grafting Cloning

Grafting Done only with human intervention A tree trunk is grafted onto healthy root stock. Eg: Apple Trees

Cloning A human takes an egg cell from a donor female and a somatic (i.e. skin) cell from a second donor, then places the nucleus of the somatic cell into the egg cell. The human implants the “complete” embryo into a third surrogate mother, then the embryo develops and is born like a regular baby. Eg: Dolly the Sheep

Fill in the “Asexual” half of your chart Sexual Repro Asexual Repro # of Parents Offspring Variation (How much alike are parents and babies?) High Medium None Speed (How relatively fast is this type?) Fast Medium Slow Energy Required (How much energy is required for making structures or special cells?) High Medium Slow Efficient? (How many cells actually turn into offspring?) High Medium Low 1

Copy these vocabulary terms: Monday, March 13 Copy these vocabulary terms: Genes: segment of DNA Alleles: two options of a gene on the same spot on a chromosome (Mm) Traits: Characteristic Genotype: DNA code for a trait Phenotype: how it looks (photo) Punnett Square: diagram used to find out genotype if you cross two organisms