IMPERIALISM: America Forges an Empire VISUAL VOCABULARY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SS.912.A.4.1 Analyze the major factors that drove United States imperialism. SS.912.A.4.2 Explain the motives of the United States acquisition of the territories. SS.912.A.4.3 Examine causes, course, and consequences of the Spanish American War. SS.912.A.4.4 Analyze the economic, military, and security motivations of the United States to complete the Panama Canal as well as major obstacles involved in its construction.

Expansionism A policy of expanding a country's economy or territory

Imperialism The political, military, or economic domination of one country over another

Sphere of Influence Any area in which one nation wields power over another

Annexation To take over territory and include it as part of it’s own territory or into its sphere of influence

Protectorate A country that is technically independent but actually is under the control of another country

Yellow Journalism Sensational, biased and often false journalism

Rough Riders Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry Led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

Diplomacy The art of negotiating agreements between nations

Big Stick Diplomacy Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy: "speak softly, and carry a big stick“ Negotiating peacefully with other nations while also displaying military might

Dollar Diplomacy President Taft's policy of linking American business interests to diplomatic interests abroad

Moral Diplomacy Introduced by Woodrow Wilson Focused on promoting human rights, integrity and opportunity rather than seeking territory by conquest 

Isolationism Unwilling to be involved in world affairs

Dependency on Foreign Trade Factors that Led to Imperialism Dependency on Foreign Trade By the 1890s, the American economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade. A quarter of the nation's farm products and half its petroleum were sold overseas.

Factors that Led to Imperialism European Imperialism By the mid-1890s, a shift had taken place in American attitudes toward expansion. Why? Between 1870 and 1900, the European powers seized 10 million square miles of territory in Africa and Asia. About 150 million people were subjected to colonial rule.

Factors that Led to Imperialism Fear of Competition In the United States, a growing number of policy makers, bankers, manufacturers, and trade unions grew fearful that the country might be closed out in the struggle for global markets and raw materials.

Factors that Led to Imperialism A Desire for Sea Power Alfred Thayer Mahan, a naval strategist and the author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, argued that national prosperity and power depended on control of the world's sea-lanes. "Whoever rules the waves rules the world," Mahan wrote.

Factors that Led to Imperialism A New Assertiveness During the late 1880s, American foreign policy makers began to display a new assertiveness. The United States came close to declaring war on Germany, Chile, and Great Britain.

The Effects of Yellow Journalism Factors that Led to Imperialism The Effects of Yellow Journalism On February 15, 1898 the Maine mysteriously blew up and the US blamed a Spanish mine. When the American public was stirred into an anti-Spain frenzy by the yellow journalism of men like Hearst and Pulitzer, President McKinley gave the OK for war.

Factors that Led to Imperialism The White Man’s Burden During the late 19th century, the idea that the United States had a special mission to uplift "backward" people around the world also commanded growing support.

American Imperialism in the Pacific

American Imperialism in Latin America

Effects of American Imperialism Pan-American Union Organization established in 1889 between the United and States and Latin American nations to share information Pan-American Union Meeting of Governing Board

Effects of American Imperialism Annexation of Hawaii In 1893, group of American sugar planters overthrow Queen Liliuokalani Grover Cleveland sent a new U.S. minister to Hawaii to restore Queen Liliuokalani to the throne under the 1887 constitution William McKinley, negotiated a treaty with the Republic of Hawaii in 1897. In 1898, the Spanish-American War broke out, and the strategic use of the naval base at Pearl Harbor during the war convinced Congress to approve formal annexation. 

Effects of American Imperialism Spanish-American War War between Spain and the United States in 1898 After Spain sank the USS Maine in Havana harbor, the US sided with Cuba in its war for independence At the end of the war, Spain gave control of Puerto Rico, the Philippine Islands and Guan over to the U.S. Wreckage of the USS Maine

Effects of American Imperialism Teller Amendment An amendment to the U.S. declaration of war against Spain Stated that the United States would not establish permanent control over Cuba

Philippine-American War Effects of American Imperialism Philippine-American War War between the U.S. and Filipino revolutionaries from 1899 to 1902, The Treaty of Paris (1898) had transferred control of the Philippine Islands from Spain to the United States. The treaty was not recognized by Filipino leaders Although an end to the fighting was declared in 1902, sporadic fighting continued for several years thereafter

Effects of American Imperialism Open Door Policy A policy where foreign nations would trade freely in other nation's spheres of influence in China

Effects of American Imperialism Foraker Act Gave the US direct control over and power to set up a government in Puerto Rico

Effects of American Imperialism Platt Amendment Prevented newly independent Cuba from making treaties with other nations Gave the US control over Guantanamo Bay

Effects of American Imperialism Panama Canal Waterway across the Isthmus of Panama The canal connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean The United States built it from 1904 to 1914 on territory leased from Panama.

Effects of American Imperialism Roosevelt Corollary Addition to the Monroe Doctrine Asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs

Effects of American Imperialism Great White Fleet Sixteen American battleships Painted white Sent around the world to display American naval power