Initial Considerations grammar Definition: The syntactical relationship of words in a sentence. Meaning of words (lexicography); form and function of words (morphology); order of words (syntax)

Important Considerations grammar Types of sentences: Declarative, questions, imperative, exclamatory Word order & parts of speech. English = sub, verb, obj; Heb = verb, subj, obj; Gk = anything Punctuation: While not in the original, it can radically alter meaning The teacher said Johnny is an idiot Cf. Lk 3:23; Rom 9:5, etc.

Grammatical Considerations grammar 1. Grammar is not generally most important 2. Study of grammar may not solve all problems but will narrow our range of possibilities. 3. English (only) readers are often more balanced in exegesis because they do not spend too much time on original languages.

Grammatical Considerations grammar 4. Identify theme, verb tense (Jn 20:23), and subject (Rom 8:26) of the sentence. 5. Observe carefully conjunctions (Heb 12:1), prepositions (Acts 2:38), and pronouns (Acts 2:1) 6. Helps to identify the original syntax: Translations, commentaries, interlinear, and analytical lexicons.

Grammatical Considerations grammar For Greek Students 7. Understand the basic elements of a verb. 8. Understand the basic elements of the noun. 9. Have a well-marked grammar

Diagrammatical Analysis grammar What is it? A rewriting of the text with a series of indentations which help to show grammatical relationships

Diagrammatical Analysis grammar Why Use It? 1. It isolates the main idea in a way that can be seen at a glance. This works best with Epistles & Psalms 2. It identifies grammatical relation-ships in a non-technical way. 3. It allows the structure of the text to drive the outline of lessons.

1. Independent clauses go to the left margin Grammatical Analysis grammar 1. Independent clauses go to the left margin 2. Dependent clauses are indented on the following line under the word they modify or placed in brackets if kept on the same line. Rules a. Prepositional phrases, adverbial phrases, relative clauses. b. There may be additional sub-clauses which are further indented.

3. Connectives are placed above the line they modify Grammatical Analysis grammar 3. Connectives are placed above the line they modify 4. Observations and comments are placed in a different color ink in-between the lines. Rules 5. The fewer phrases to the left the better. 6. Circle the subject, underline the main verb, and box the connective words. Vertical arrows can be used to show connections of words between lines.