Chapter 7 review

1. What are the major religions, their origins, and diffusion paths? Polytheistic Hinduism- South Asia 4000 yrs ago Caste System India, South Asia and Southeast Asia Buddhism- South Asia 2500 yrs ago Splintered off of Hinduism Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)- Four Noble Truths Tibet and East Asia Monotheistic Taoism- China 2500 yrs ago Feng Shui Into East Asia Confucianism- China 2500 yrs ago Confucian Classics (Analects) East and Southeast Asia Christianity- Southwest Asia 2000 yrs ago Bible Into Western Europe and then world wide Islam- Arabian Peninsula 1500 yrs ago Qu’ran and Mohammad Into North Africa, Spain, Southeast Asia

1. What are the major religions, their origins, and diffusion paths? Animistic Native American Religions Shinto Mixed with Buddhism in Japan Universalizing (actively seek converts) Christianity, Buddhism, Islam Ethnic (adherents are born into faith) Confucianism Judaism- Southwest Asia 4000 yrs ago First major Monotheistic religion Torah Into European Cities, North America, Israel Hinduism

2. How is religion seen on the cultural landscape? Sacred Sites Christianity Jerusalem, Churches, statues Islam Jerusalem, Mosques, Mecca Hinduism Ganges River Buddhism Pagodas Judaism Jerusalem, Synagogues Pilgrimages Travel to a religious site to pay respects or participate in rituals at the site Vatican City Mecca World Wide: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism

3. How does religion influence political conflicts? Interfaith boundaries Between major faiths Christian-Muslim Israel-Palestine Intrafaith boundaries Within a single faith Sunni-Shi’ite Muslim (Sunni is the larger group) Religious Fundamentalism Return to the basics Religious Extremism Carry out the basics to the point of violence