Independence Movement of QUEBEC QUEBEC

SS6H2 Describe Quebec’s independence movement. STANDARDS: SS6H2 Describe Quebec’s independence movement.  

Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 1 New Country Change Lasting Impact New France Quebec The new country had four provinces: ____________________ , Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. This meant that Canada was an independent, ____________________ , but still part of the British empire. In 1867, the British North America Act created the ____________________ . Great Britain set up a government where the Canadian colonists ____________________ , except in matters of foreign trade, treaties, and defense. Great Britain did not want to repeat what happened with the ____________________ . In 1837, colonists grew unhappy with the British government and ____________________ . They also influenced the ____________________ , foods, architecture, etc. that is prominent in Canada today. Protestants came from England and ____________________ came from France. The two colonizing countries still have an impact on Canadian culture in ____________________ today. The British won the war and divided Canada into Upper Canada (British) and ____________________ (French) in 1791. Great Britain ____________________ of Canada’s valuable natural resources, so they fought the French and Indian War in 1763. Many French settlers moved there and participated in the highly profitable ____________________ . In 1608, the French established their ____________________ in the New World in New France (now Quebec). Why?... For over fifty years, many of Quebec’s citizens have argued that their province should separate from Canada and become its own ____________________ . ____________________ is the official language of business and government in Quebec, and it is spoken by 90% of the people who live there. Many ____________________ factories are based here. A large part of Canadian ____________________ in Quebec. It is the largest of Canada’s provinces and has the ____________________ . Quebec is located in ____________________ . Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 1

Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 2 Not Fair Changes Francophones Influence Many French Canadians had become ____________________ and thought of themselves as Quebecois, not Canadians. By the 1960s, the Francophones were ready to launch an ____________________ . They were tired of feeling like ____________________ in their own country. French culture was ____________________ . Many French Canadians felt that their language and culture ____________________ . English was spoken in most cities, while ____________________ . They no longer led a ____________________ . They ____________________ to Catholic churches. Their lives were ____________________ now. Many had to leave their farms and ____________________ . Growing populations pushed into farmlands and rural people ____________________ . By the mid-twentieth century, ____________________ in many ways. Most French Canadians were Catholic, while the majority of British Canadians were ____________________ . The majority ____________________ and rarely left their villages. French-speaking Quebecers (called Francophones) had a ____________________ than English-speaking Canadians (Anglophones). Most French Canadian families had been living in Quebec for ____________________ . Although Canada was united in 1867, the province of Quebec is still an ____________________ language and culture within the country. French became the official language of the province and is ____________________ of the population. More and more people moved from ____________________ over the years. Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 2

Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 3 Today Vote Against It Why Separate? Secede Today, the separatist movement has become ____________________ , making the goal even harder to achieve. In 1998, Canada’s Supreme Court ruled that Quebec could not secede ____________________ of the other provinces. In 1988, Canada’s government passed a law giving all Canadians the ____________________ their cultural heritage. In 1982, the Constitution Act made ____________________ (two official languages are French and English). In both referendums, Quebec citizens voted to ____________________ . Last vote was ____________________ : 49.4% voted to secede and 50.6% voted to stay Canadian. Both votes were ____________________ Canadian. In ____________________ , the people of Quebec voted whether or not to secede. The national government also argued ____________________ . Most English Canadians felt most French Canadians had always had ____________________ and enough representation in the government. make the rest of Canada lose all of Quebec’s ____________________ , high-tech industries, and control of the St. Lawrence River ____________________ result in ____________________ for Quebec ruin ____________________ and pride Those who ____________________ separatism argue that separatism would: to ____________________ Canadian culture for future generations other Canadians to ____________________ language and culture to be ____________________ with English-speaking Canadians to protect French ____________________ Those who ____________________ separatism want: They want to ____________________ , religious, and ethnic identity and not be absorbed into Canadian society. Separatists want Quebec to ____________________ central government and become an independent nation. Many Francophones started to think that Quebec should ____________________ . Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 3

Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 1 New Country Change Lasting Impact New France Quebec The new country had four provinces: Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. This meant that Canada was an independent, self-governing nation, but still part of the British empire. In 1867, the British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada. Great Britain set up a government where the Canadian colonists governed themselves, except in matters of foreign trade, treaties, and defense. Great Britain did not want to repeat what happened with the American Revolution. In 1837, colonists grew unhappy with the British government and began to rebel. They also influenced the traditions, foods, architecture, etc. that is prominent in Canada today. Protestants came from England and Catholics came from France. The two colonizing countries still have an impact on Canadian culture in language and religion today. The British won the war and divided Canada into Upper Canada (British) and Lower Canada (French) in 1791. Great Britain wanted a share of Canada’s valuable natural resources, so they fought the French and Indian War in 1763. Many French settlers moved there and participated in the highly profitable fur trade. In 1608, the French established their first permanent settlement in the New World in New France (now Quebec). Why?... For over fifty years, many of Quebec’s citizens have argued that their province should separate from Canada and become its own independent country. French is the official language of business and government in Quebec, and it is spoken by 90% of the people who live there. Many electronics and computer factories are based here. A large part of Canadian industry is centered in Quebec. It is the largest of Canada’s provinces and has the second-largest population. Quebec is located in eastern Canada. Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 1

Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 2 Not Fair Changes Francophones Influence Many French Canadians had become Quebec nationalists and thought of themselves as Quebecois, not Canadians. By the 1960s, the Francophones were ready to launch an independence movement. They were tired of feeling like second-class citizens in their own country. French culture was overwhelmed by English. Many French Canadians felt that their language and culture might disappear. English was spoken in most cities, while French was not. They no longer led a traditional lifestyle. They stopped going to Catholic churches. Their lives were very different now. Many had to leave their farms and move to cities. Growing populations pushed into farmlands and rural people grew poor. By the mid-twentieth century, Quebec had changed in many ways. Most French Canadians were Catholic, while the majority of British Canadians were Protestant. The majority lived on farms and rarely left their villages. French-speaking Quebecers (called Francophones) had a different culture than English-speaking Canadians (Anglophones). Most French Canadian families had been living in Quebec for hundreds of years. Although Canada was united in 1867, the province of Quebec is still an island of French language and culture within the country. French became the official language of the province and is spoken by 90% of the population. More and more people moved from France to Quebec over the years. Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 2

Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 3 Today Vote Against It Why Separate? Secede Today, the separatist movement has become weaker and more divided, making the goal even harder to achieve. In 1998, Canada’s Supreme Court ruled that Quebec could not secede without consent from all of the other provinces. In 1988, Canada’s government passed a law giving all Canadians the right to preserve their cultural heritage. In 1982, the Constitution Act made Canada bilingual (two official languages are French and English). In both referendums, Quebec citizens voted to remain part of Canada. Last vote was very close: 49.4% voted to secede and 50.6% voted to stay Canadian. Both votes were in favor of staying Canadian. In 1980 and 1995, the people of Quebec voted whether or not to secede. The national government also argued against secession. Most English Canadians felt most French Canadians had always had equal rights and enough representation in the government. make the rest of Canada lose all of Quebec’s natural resources, high-tech industries, and control of the St. Lawrence River shipping route result in economic disaster for Quebec ruin national unity and pride Those who oppose Quebec separatism argue that separatism would: to preserve French Canadian culture for future generations other Canadians to respect French language and culture to be treated as equals with English-speaking Canadians to protect French language and culture Those who support Quebec separatism want: They want to preserve their cultural, religious, and ethnic identity and not be absorbed into Canadian society. Separatists want Quebec to “separate” from Canada’s central government and become an independent nation. Many Francophones started to think that Quebec should secede from Canada. Quebec’s Independence CLOZE Notes 3

Independence Movement QUEBEC’S Independence Movement

Quebec Quebec is located in eastern Canada. It is the largest of Canada’s provinces and has the second-largest population. A large part of Canadian industry is centered in Quebec. Many electronics and computer factories are based here.

Quebec

Montreal, Quebec

Quebec French is the official language of business and government in Quebec, and it is spoken by 90% of the people who live there. For over fifty years, many of Quebec’s citizens have argued that their province should separate from Canada and become its own independent country. Why?...

New France In 1608, the French established their first permanent settlement in the New World in New France (now Quebec). Many French settlers moved there and participated in the highly profitable fur trade. Great Britain wanted a share of Canada’s valuable natural resources, so they fought the French and Indian War in 1763.

Samuel de Champlain built the first permanent French settlement in the New World (called Quebec).

Hats made of beaver fur were in high demand in Europe.

Lasting Impact The British won the war and divided Canada into Upper Canada (British) and Lower Canada (French) in 1791. The two colonizing countries still have an impact on Canadian culture in language and religion today. Protestants came from England and Catholics came from France. They also influenced the traditions, foods, architecture, etc. that is prominent in Canada today.

Change In 1837, colonists grew unhappy with the British government and began to rebel. Great Britain did not want to repeat what happened with the American Revolution. Great Britain set up a government where the Canadian colonists governed themselves, except in matters of foreign trade, treaties, and defense.

New Country In 1867, the British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada. This meant that Canada was an independent, self-governing nation, but still part of the British empire. The new country had four provinces: Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia.

Influence More and more people moved from France to Quebec over the years. French became the official language of the province and is spoken by 90% of the population. Although Canada was united in 1867, the province of Quebec is still an island of French language and culture within the country.

Francophones Most French Canadian families had been living in Quebec for hundreds of years. French-speaking Quebecers (called Francophones) had a different culture than English-speaking Canadians (Anglophones). The majority lived on farms and rarely left their villages. Most French Canadians were Catholic, while the majority of British Canadians were Protestant.

Changes By the mid-twentieth century, Quebec had changed in many ways. Growing populations pushed into farmlands and rural people grew poor. Many had to leave their farms and move to cities. Their lives were very different now. They stopped going to Catholic churches. They no longer led a traditional lifestyle. English was spoken in most cities, while French was not.

Quebec City – 1960s

Not Fair Many French Canadians felt that their language and culture might disappear. French culture was overwhelmed by English. They were tired of feeling like second-class citizens in their own country.

Independence By the 1960s, the francophones were ready to launch an independence movement. Many French Canadians had become Quebec nationalists and thought of themselves as Quebecois, not Canadians.

Secede Many Francophones started to think that Quebec should secede from Canada. Separatists want Quebec to “separate” from Canada’s central government and become an independent nation. They want to preserve their cultural, religious, and ethnic identity and not be absorbed into Canadian society.

Separatists Protesting

Why Separate? Those who support Quebec separatism want: to protect French language and culture to be treated as equals with English-speaking Canadians other Canadians to respect French language and culture to preserve French Canadian culture for future generations

Against It Those who oppose Quebec separatism argue that separatism would: ruin national unity and pride result in economic disaster for Quebec make the rest of Canada lose all of Quebec’s natural resources, high-tech industries, and control of the St. Lawrence River shipping route

Vote Most English Canadians felt most French Canadians had always had equal rights and enough representation in the government. The national government also argued against secession. In 1980 and 1995, the people of Quebec voted whether or not to secede. Both votes were in favor of staying Canadian. Last vote was very close: 49.4% voted to secede and 50.6% voted to stay Canadian. In both referendums, Quebec citizens voted to remain part of Canada.

Today In 1982, the Constitution Act made Canada bilingual (two official languages are French and English). In 1988, Canada’s government passed a law giving all Canadians the right to preserve their cultural heritage. In 1998, Canada’s Supreme Court ruled that Quebec could not secede without consent from all of the other provinces. Today, the separatist movement has become weaker and more divided, making the goal even harder to achieve.

Quebec– A History Storyboard Directions: Create a storyboard that outlines the history and creation of Quebec. Write a caption and draw an illustration to portray each event. 1608 1791 1867 1960s 1982 1995

Quebec– A History Storyboard KEY Directions: Create a storyboard that outlines the history and creation of Quebec. Write a caption and draw an illustration to portray each event. French established their first permanent settlement in the New World in New France (now Quebec). Illustration will vary. Great Britain won the French & Indian War and divided Canada into Upper Canada (British) and Lower Canada (French) The British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada, which had 4 provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, & New Brunswick. Many French Canadians had become Quebec nationalists and were ready to launch an independence movement. In 1982, the Constitution Act made Canada bilingual (two official languages are French and English). Quebec citizens voted to remain part of Canada. It was a very close race. 1608 1791 1867 1960s 1982 1995

Two Viewpoints Quebec’s Independence Movement For Against Directions: On the left lens, write reasons to support the independence of Quebec. In the right lens, write reasons that do NOT support Quebec becoming its own country. Include a small illustration or symbol to summarize each viewpoint. For Against Quebec’s Independence Movement

Photographic Evidence A Citation for Injustice Ticket Number 67483928-22 Offender: Date: Describe the Offense: Instead, the lawbreaker should have: Signature: Photographic Evidence

Quebec’s Independence Movement 1. Why is Quebec important to Canada’s economy? 2. What is the official language of Quebec? 3. What is the name of the settlement that Samuel de Champlain founded in 1608? 4. What quickly became profitable business for French settlers in this settlement? 5. What two countries fought for control of Canada? 6. Why did the British government give Canada some independence when colonists began to rebel in 1837? 7. When & how did Canada eventually gain its independence from Great Britain? 8. What are Canada’s four original provinces? 9. What religion and language came from England? 10. What religion and language came from France? 11. Why do some Quebecers want to remain part of Canada? 12. Why do some Quebecers want to separate from Canada? 13. What was the result of the referendums in 1980 and 1995? 14. How has Canada’s national government attempted to please Quebecers in recent years? 15. Do you think it is a good idea or a bad idea for Quebec to become an independent nation? Explain. © Brain Wrinkles Quebec’s Independence Movement Comprehension Check

Quebec’s Independence Movement 1. Why is Quebec important to Canada’s economy? A large part of Canada’s tech & computer industry is located here, on important shipping route, lots of natural resources 2. What is the official language of Quebec? French 3. What is the name of the settlement that Samuel de Champlain founded in 1608? New France 4. What quickly became profitable business for French settlers in this settlement? Beaver fur trapping/trading 5. What two countries fought for control of Canada? France and Great Britain 6. Why did the British government give Canada some independence when colonists began to rebel in 1837? They did not want to have another war like the American Revolution 7. When & how did Canada eventually gain its independence from Great Britain? 1867—peaceful negotiations over a period of time 8. What are Canada’s four original provinces? Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick 9. What religion and language came from England? Protestant, English 10. What religion and language came from France? Catholic, French 11. Why do some Quebecers want to remain part of Canada? ruin national unity and pride result in economic disaster for Quebec make the rest of Canada lose all of Quebec’s natural resources, high-tech industries, and control of the St. Lawrence River shipping route 12. Why do some Quebecers want to separate from Canada? to protect French language and culture to be treated as equals with English-speaking Canadians other Canadians to respect French language and culture to preserve French Canadian culture for future generations 13. What was the result of the referendums in 1980 and 1995? Very close race, but voted to remain part of Canada 14. How has Canada’s national government attempted to please Quebecers in recent years? Constitution Act made Canada bilingual, and in 1988, Canada’s government passed a law giving all Canadians the right to preserve their cultural heritage 15. Do you think it is a good idea or a bad idea for Quebec to become an independent nation? Explain. Answers will vary. © Brain Wrinkles Quebec’s Independence Movement Comprehension Check

Back in Time Back in Time Name: Name: Back in Time Back in Time Go back in time to 1867 when Canada was created. What advice would you give to leaders to avoid future conflicts in Quebec/Canada? Go back in time to 1867 when Canada was created. What advice would you give to leaders to avoid future conflicts in Quebec/Canada?