FLUID FLOW TYPICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS:

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Presentation transcript:

FLUID FLOW TYPICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS: given some inlet conditions, estimate the exit conditions from a system given the flow conditions, estimate the forces generated by the flow estimate the power generated or consumed by a flow system T W DAVIES

FLUID FLOW ANSWERS PROVIDED BY: THE APPLICATION OF THE THREE CONSERVATION EQUATIONS: MASS ( CONTINUITY EQUATION) FORCE/MOMENTUM ( NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION) MECHANICAL ENERGY ( BERNOULLI EQUATION) T W DAVIES

CONTROL VOLUME CONCEPT AN ARBITRARY VOLUME OF FLOWING FLUID BOUNDED BY A COMPLETELY POROUS CONTROL SURFACE CONSTRUCT BALANCES ON THE FLUID IN THE CONTROL VOLUME T W DAVIES

CONSERVATION OF MASS usually referred to as the CONTINUITY EQUATION MASS FLOW OUT = MASS FLOW IN PLUS ACCUMMULATION (OR LOSS) OF MASS WITHIN THE CONTROL VOLUME T W DAVIES

CONTINUITY STEADY STATE FLOWS INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS m =  1U1A1 = 2U2A2 kg/s INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS LIQUIDS AND LOW SPEED GASES Q = U1A1 = U2A2 m3/s T W DAVIES

FORCE-MOMENTUM BALANCE NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION APPLIED TO FLUID IN A CONTROL VOLUME SUM OF FORCES ACTING ON THE CV = RATE OF CHANGE OF MOMENTUM OF THE FLUID IN THE CV RATE OF CHANGE OF MOMENTUM = MOMENTUM FLOW OUT - MOMENTUM FLOW IN T W DAVIES

FORCE-MOMENTUM BALANCE APPLY IN A FIXED DIRECTION BE RIGOROUS WITH SIGN CONVENTION MOMENTUM FLOW = MASS FLOW RATE X VELOCITY T W DAVIES

FORCE- MOMENTUM BALANCE EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION JET IMPACT JET THRUST T W DAVIES

FORCE-MOMENTUM BALANCE FORCES ON STATIONARY EQUIPMENT THE NOZZLE THE PIPE REDUCER THE BEND T W DAVIES

FORCE-MOMENTUM BALANCE FORCES ON MOVING EQUIPMENT THE TURBINE BLADE T W DAVIES

THE GENERAL FLOW PROBLEM CONTINUITY FORCE-MOMENTUM BERNOULLI T W DAVIES