Figure 2 A timeline summarizing the development of diagnostic tools in rheumatology Figure 2 | A timeline summarizing the development of diagnostic tools.

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RHEUMATOLOGY TESTING Maureen Sestito, D.O. PCOM Internal Medicine Residency.

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Figure 2 A timeline summarizing the development of diagnostic tools in rheumatology Figure 2 | A timeline summarizing the development of diagnostic tools in rheumatology. The diagnosis of RMDs has changed substantially in the past 70 years, owing particularly to advances in laboratory analyses and imaging modalities. Laboratory analyses in rheumatology have evolved from the earliest discoveries of rheumatoid factors and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) to their inclusion in classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); other major breakthroughs include the identification of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), as well as the association between genetic factors and rheumatic diseases. Imaging techniques including radiography, MRI, CT and ultrasonography have also facilitated major advances in diagnosis and management. DECT, dual-energy CT; LE cell, lupus erythematosus cell; RAMRIS, RA-MRI scoring system; RF, rheumatoid factor; SSc systemic sclerosis. Image of ultrasonography equipment is by format35/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Image of MRI equipment is by edwardolive/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Image of ultrasonography equipment is by format35/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Image of MRI equipment is by edwardolive/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Burmester, G. K. et al. (2017) Managing rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases — past, present and future Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.95