Temperature, heating & states of matter

Temperature Definition: the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Not all particles have the same energy because, particles move at different speeds in a substance. Which has a higher temperature?

Thermal Energy Definition: TOTAL energy of all the particles in a substance. Depends on Temperature Total number of particles Which has more thermal energy?

Heating or Heat transfer Definition: energy that moves from a warmer particles to cooler particles. Must have a temperature difference to have heating/heat transfer. In which situation will there be more heat transfer to the rock?

Direction of heat transfer Energy is transferred (moved) in only one direction: from warmer objects to cooler objects. Warmer objects have particles that are moving _____ than the cooler one. Warmer/faster moving particles hit the cooler/slower. Energy from the warmer/faster transfers (moves) to the cooler/slower particle causing the faster to ______ & slower particles to ________.

Application questions Why does hot coffee cool? Why does ice melt in soda?

Properties of Solids Defined shape Defined volume. Organized. Particles very close together Particles stay in the same place & always have the same neighbors. Most dense state Particles wiggle in place. Does not flow.

Properties of Liquids Able to flow. Defined volume. Particles close to one another. Shape changes to conform to the container. Still dense, but less dense than its solid. Particles slide past one another as they move around. Particles move from one location to another changing neighbors.

Properties of Gases Expands to fill the container. Distant neighboring particles change. Particles are VERY far apart from one another. Extremely low density. Wiggle as they move longer distances before change directions due to another molecule. Able to flow.

Heating and states of matter What do you need to do to turn a solid into a liquid? Particles need to move faster thus energy must be added. What happens to the distance between particles as their energy increases? What do you need to do to turn a gas into a liquid? Particles need to move slower thus energy is removed from the gas to slow down the particles. What happens to the distance between particles as their energy decreases?