Bellringer: 11/28 and 11/29 1. Pick up the papers at the door. 2. Study for your quiz for 5 minutes.

After your quiz: 1. Turn your quiz into the class drawer. 2. Update your ToC: Page 57: Quiz – Greek Forms of Gov’t/Athens v. Sparta Page 58: Notes – Golden Age of Athens 3. Write down your HW: Start studying for your Persian Wars/Golden Age quiz on FRIDAY 12/2 (1st and 2nd) and MONDAY 12/5 (6th). 4. Consider the question below. Have an answer ready for discussion. What does a civilization need in order to experience a “Golden Age”?

The Golden Age of Athens Ms. Allen 2016-2017 Pre-AP WHI

The Start of the Golden Age The Persian Wars (499-480 BC) were decisive in the history of the West. Greece wins! Had the Greeks been defeated, the cultural and political vitality we associate and inherit from the Greeks would never have evolved. The confidence and pride from these victories propelled Greece and Athens, in particular, to its “Golden Age.”

Setting the Stage for the Golden Age 477 to 431 BC: Intellectual & artistic learning greatly increased During the GOLDEN AGE: Drama, sculpture, poetry, science architecture, philosophy, etc. is promoted and advances in Greece

Enter Pericles: Who is he? Pericles = central political figure in Athens during the Golden Age More “behind the scenes” influence Makes Athens a cultural center Developed public works (Parthenon)

How did Pericles earn credibility as a ruler? Leader of a faction of government that favored spreading democracy at home and abroad. Spread democracy in Athens He also stressed including all classes in democracy Fought in the Battle of Salamis

What role did Pericles play in Athenian government What role did Pericles play in Athenian government? How did he further this role? Expanded involvement of Athenians in democracy. Lower class citizens eligible for office Generals could be reelected without limit (helped him stay in power.

Politics and Government: Three main bodies: Assembly- all citizens eligible to take part in government The Council of 500- wrote the laws that would be voted on by the Assembly Complex Court Systems - 6,000 people from the Assembly would hear trials and sentence criminals. The Archon- served as chief of state (9 elected) Head of both the Council of 500 and Assembly, elected for one year term

Politics and Government: Definition of Athenian Citizen Who was a citizen? Only landowning free men over 30 who completed military training. Only about 10% of population could participate in government affairs. Vote in all elections Serve in office if elected Serve on juries Serve in military during war

Politics and Government: Overview of Athenian Democracy Important Aristocrats (Noblemen) Draco- reformed laws He believed that harsh punishment would solve unrest. Rich/Poor gap grew! Solon- revised Draco’s laws Overturn harshest laws: Debt Slavery abolished Allowed ALL men to participate in the Assembly, not all can hold office. Peisistratus – tyrannical ruler Tyrant- seized power by force Cleisthenes- wanted to reduce aristocratic power created the Council of 500 to break up aristocratic family power “Early in its history, Athens was ruled by several kings.” page 135 It’s first King was the mythical Theseus (from the Minotaur Tale), or his father Agesus. “Later the kings were replaced by aristocrats who had both money and power.” page 135 Peisistratus was an interesting guy. Attempts to power> (1) Claimed Aristocracy beat him up (Failed), (2) Marriage alliance (Failed), (3) Mercenaries hired (Success)>>> He ruled for 20 years and died of natural causes. Policies: Economy improves, Patron of the Arts: Iliad and Odyssey written during his reign. Sons: Hippias and Hipparchus

Greek Drama Two kinds: Tragedies and comedies Tragedies - stories of human suffering; usually ended in disaster. Tragic writers: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides Comedies, humorous plays that mocked people or customs. Comedic writers: Aristophanes

Famous Greek Playwrights Comedy: Aristophanes (Lysistrata) Tragedy: Aeschylus (Oresteia) Sophocles (Oedipus Rex) Euripides

Characteristics of Plays Comedy Use of grotesque masks and obscene jokes to entertain. Tragedy Contained a suffering hero and usually ended in disaster.

Purpose or Agenda of Plays Criticizing the government Address contemporary social issues. Good and evil Conflict between spiritual values and demands of the state

Art Statues very lifelike and active.

What were the techniques that made Greek sculpture unique? Frequently focused on nude figures More flexible style. Faces showed feeling and attitude Ideal standard of beauty in figures. Ideal proportions found through mathematical ratios. Athens: As designed, As seen today.

History & Science History Herodotus = “first historian” or “father of history” Thucydides showed the need to avoid bias. Medicine Hippocrates & the Hippocratic Oath – all patients must be treated regardless of class

End is near: Golden Age isn’t all golden Athens’ growth and achievement and $$$ alarmed other city-states in Greece. City-states felt threatened by Athens’ imperial attitude.