Suprarenal Gland (Anatomically) Nur Athirah binti Mohd Azhar D11A024 Nur Alyaa binti Khairil Anwar D11A023

Structure of Suprarenal Gland Paired Lie in the abdominal cavity close to the craniomedial border of the kidneys Located in a retroperitoneal position at the roof of abdomen. Superior to kidney (renal) but have no functional relationship with kidney. Surrounded by adipose tissue and renal fascia. The connective tissue capsule extends into the gland as thin trabeculae of loose vascular reticular connective tissue. Known as adrenal gland

Properties Divided into Outer cortex (derived from mesenchyme) Inner medulla (derived from neural crest cells) These parts are responsible in hormonal regulation, according to their histological structure : Medulla : Cortex : corticosteroid, androgen

CORTEX MEDULLA Produce 3 main groups of hormones Glucocorticoids (regulate carbohydrate metabolism) Mineralocorticoids (maintain electrolyte concentration in the ECF) Androgens (posses the same masculinizing effect as testosterone) Norepinephrine, epinephrine ( fight or flight responses) MEDULLA

Blood supply comes from three arteries ; - superior suprarenal artery from inferior phrenic artery - middle suprarenal artery from abdominal artery - inferior suprarenal artery from renal artery

ADRENAL GLAND IN DIFFERENT SPECIES Left adrenal gland of a pig <<<< paramedian section Outer Surface>>>>

Right adrenal Gland of an ox Outer surface>>>> <<<< Paramedian section