Learning Chapter 7.

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Presentation transcript:

Learning Chapter 7

Definition Learning - Relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior as a result of experience

Aristotle’s Laws of Association Experience or recall of one object will produce a recall of objects that are similar or of opposite nature Experience or recall of one object will produce a recall of things that were originally experienced at the same time The more often two things are experienced together, the more likely it is that experiencing one will stimulate production or recall of the second

Trial and Error Learning Video - Sticky the Cat

Pavlov Classical Conditioning Learning through the association of a stimulus and response

Unconditioned Response Natural response, no conditioning or training necessary to produce it Unconditioned Stimulus That which produces the unconditioned response Conditioned Response Learned response Conditioned Stimulus That which produces the conditioned response

Application of Classical Conditioning Counterconditioning Changing a negative response to a positive one Flooding A person is forced into contact with the feared stimulus to demonstrate the relative harmlessness of the stimulus Desensitization Gradually exposing a person to a stimulus to reduce the persons response

Operant Conditioning A behavior that is learned in connection with reward or punishment

Principles of Operant Conditioning Any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to be repeated A stimulus is considered reinforcing when it increases the rate of a response

Primary and Secondary Reinforcements Reinforcement tied to an aspect of survival Food, water, sense of security Secondary Nonessential to survival Money, praise

Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Following a behavior with something considered pleasant Negative Reinforcement Following a behavior by stopping or taking away something that is unpleasant Positive Punishment Discouraging a behavior by following it with unpleasant consequenses Negative Punishment Discouraging a behavior by withholding something that is pleasurable

YouTube - Pavlov's Dog YouTube - Skinner – Modelagem YouTube - bf skinner on reinforcement - general psychology