Respiratory System: Outcome: I can describe the respiratory organs (structure) and their main function in the respiratory system. Drill: What are the top 3 cancers in the U.S?

Organization and Function of the Respiratory System Anatomical divisions of the respiratory system Upper respiratory system Contains the upper respiratory tract Filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air Protects more sensitive lower tract Reabsorbs heat and water in outgoing air © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tongue Right lung Left lung The upper respiratory tract Upper Respiratory System Nose Nasal cavity Paranasal sinuses Tongue Pharynx Esophagus Clavicle Ribs Right lung Left lung Diaphragm © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.1 1

Organization and Function of the Respiratory System Anatomical divisions of the respiratory system (continued) Lower respiratory system Contains the lower respiratory tract Moves air to gas exchange surfaces Exchanges gases with capillaries © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tongue Right lung Left lung The lower respiratory tract Tongue Esophagus Lower Respiratory System Clavicle Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Smallest bronchioles Ribs Right lung Left lung Alveoli Diaphragm © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.1 1

Bridge of the nose Nasal cartilages External nares Figure 21.3 1 Anterior view of nasal cartilages and external landmarks Bridge of the nose Nasal cartilages External nares © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.3 1

Module 21.4: The Larynx Larynx Sometimes called the “voice box” Consists of three large unpaired cartilages and three small paired cartilages Large unpaired cartilages: Epiglottis Shaped like a shoehorn Projects superior to the glottis During swallowing, folds back over glottis Prevents solids and liquids from entering respiratory tract © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Module 21.4: The Larynx Larynx (continued) Large unpaired cartilages (continued) Thyroid cartilage (thyroid, shield shaped) Forms most of anterior and lateral walls of the larynx Prominent anterior surface also called the laryngeal prominence or Adam’s apple © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Module 21.4: The Larynx Larynx (continued) Large unpaired cartilages (continued) Cricoid cartilage (ring shaped) Complete ring of cartilage Together with thyroid cartilage, protects glottis and larynx and provides attachment sites for laryngeal muscles and ligaments © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Anterior view Epiglottis 1 Overview of the larynx Large Cartilages of the Larynx Hyoid bone Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage Laryngeal prominence Cricoid cartilage Trachea Hyoid bone Anterior view Epiglottis Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage Corniculate cartilage Thyroid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Tracheal cartilages Anterior Posterior Tracheal cartilages Sagittal section Posterior view © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.4 1

Module 21.4: The Larynx Larynx (continued) Small paired cartilages Cuneiform (wedge shaped) cartilages Long and curved 2. Corniculate (horn shaped) cartilages Function with the arytenoid in opening and closing the glottis 3. Arytenoid (ladle shaped) cartilages Helps open and close the glottis © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Epiglottis Cricoid cartilage Cartilages of the larynx Epiglottis Small Laryngeal Cartilages Cuneiform cartilages Thyroid cartilage Corniculate cartilages Arytenoid cartilages Cricoid cartilage © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.4 2

The Trachea and Bronchial Branches Trachea (or windpipe) Tough, flexible tube ~11 cm (4.33 in.) in length Contains 15–20 C-shaped tracheal cartilages Prevent collapse and overexpansion Allows expansion of esophagus during swallowing Allows tracheal constriction or dilation © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Trachea and Bronchial Branches Trachea (continued) Branches into right and left primary bronchi Each bronchus leads to a lung (right primary bronchus to right lung; left to left lung) Most foreign objects entering the trachea end up in the right primary bronchus rather than the left Right primary bronchus larger in diameter than the left Also descends at a steeper angle WHY DO YOU THINK THIS IS THE CASE? © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

WHY DO YOU THINK THIS IS THE CASE? Overview of the trachea Hyoid bone WHY DO YOU THINK THIS IS THE CASE? Larynx Esophagus Incomplete tracheal cartilages on posterior side Tracheal cartilages Trachea Trachealis muscle Mucosa of trachea Lumen of trachea Thyroid gland Tracheal cartilage Right primary bronchus Sectional view of trachea Location of carina (internal ridge) Left primary bronchus Secondary bronchi Right lung Left lung © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.5 1 – 2

Air-Conducting Passageways in the Lower Respiratory Tract Terminal bronchioles to pulmonary lobules Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Trachea Bronchioles © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.5 3

What three large cartilages make up the larynx? Respiratory System: Exit Ticket: What three large cartilages make up the larynx?