Modern Middle East.

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Presentation transcript:

Modern Middle East

Reactions to Western Influences mandates oil cold war Israel Arab Nationalism Islamic Fundamentalism

the Arab World

Arab Nationalism Arab unity Leftist, anti-Western Decline Pan-Arabism UAR (Egypt and Syria 1958) Leftist, anti-Western support from USSR Ba’ath parties (Syria and Iraq) = dictatorships anti-Israel Anti-imperialism Decline Arab monarchies resist Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Gulf States National rivalries and disputes Six-day War

Gamal Nasser Egyptian president overthrew monarchy nationalized Suez Canal Suez Crisis 1956 becomes Arab hero built Aswan Dam discredited after six-day war Dies Succeeded by Anwar Sadat Assassinated for peace w/Israel

Islamic Fundamentalism base laws on shari’ah Muslim Brotherhood 1920s Egypt Saudi Arabia Wahhabism Anti-western “Secular and decadent” Iranian Rev. of 1979 Anti-communist Afghanistan Mujahideen vs. USSR Taliban Osama Bin Laden Ayatollah Khomeini

Arab Spring The pro-democracy uprisings currently sweeping the Middle East and North Africa Led to the toppling of many authoritarian regimes

Causes Increased literacy rates Calls for democracy Technology Poor economies

Iran Ahmadinejad = Pres. Ali Khameini = supreme Leader Guardian Council = Protects Islam in iran Allows candidates, vetoes laws, etc.

Green Revolution = 2009 Election results are disputed

Characteristics of the Revolutions technology Self-immolation

Egypt Hosni Mubarak Muslim brotherhood Video on Repression within new regime

Libya Gadaffi Civil war

Lockerbie Bombing (Pan Am 103)

Syria

What is currently happening… Civil unrest Calls for democracy Authoritarian regime International involvement?

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