April 10, 2017 Global II Agenda: DO NOW: Term Matching NOTES #43: How did independence for South Africa create conflict? CLASS ASSIGNMENT: “End of Apartheid in South Africa”

How did independence for South Africa create conflict? Notes #43

Louis Botha; South Africa’s After South Africa won independence from Britain in 1910, the white people of South Africa held political power. Louis Botha; South Africa’s first Prime Minister

In 1948, the (white) South African government established a system of apartheid, which was based primarily on the concept of racial segregation.

In response, Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress (ANC) used civil disobedience to oppose apartheid.

69 apartheid protesters killed Sharpeville massacre (March 21, 1960); 69 apartheid protesters killed

the coast of South Africa; During the 1960s, the South African government outlawed the ANC and sentenced Mandela to life in prison. Mandela’s prison cell at Robben Island, off the coast of South Africa; Mandela was sentenced to life in prison on June 12, 1964 8

Global concern for the black people of South Africa caused many foreign nations to impose economic sanctions on South Africa. Bishop Desmond Tutu; South African social rights activist

South African President Mandela released from prison In 1990, the South African government legalized the ANC, released Mandela from prison, and began repealing apartheid laws. South African President F. W. de Klerk (1989–1994) Mandela released from prison (February 11, 1990)

Apartheid in South Africa officially ended in 1994 when Mandela was elected president of South Africa. First multi-racial elections held in South Africa (April 27, 1994); Mandela president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999

Today, problems in South Africa include ethnic and tribal conflicts, high crime rates, and health concerns.

Murders and rapes, per 1,000 people

12% of 48 million South African people were infected with HIV/AIDS in 2005