Chapter 16: Population Genetics & Speciation (pages 316-320) Section 1: Genetic Equilibrium

1. Population Genetics Population is the group of the same species in a habitat Branch of evolutionary biology that studies how populations become unique in a habitat because of their genetics

2. Microevolution Microevolution relates to population genetics because the alleles that are inherited from the parents create a unique organism Populations are the smallest unit in which evolution occurs.

3. Bell Curve Bell curves serve as a diagram/graph that shows a cause and effect relationship The IV (cause) and DV (measured effect) Page 317 Body Structure of Fish vs the number of that fish in its population

4. Gene Pool A term used by population geneticists This describes the total genetic information available in a population Used to predict the expected genotypes and their frequencies in certain populations

5. Allele Frequency All species have the same type of genes The alleles that combine to be the offspring are what produce a genetically unique offspring Measure how frequent alleles are Ex: dark hair & eyes have a higher allele frequency that light eyes and hair

6. Phenotype Frequency Population geneticists use this to measure how frequent a particular phenotype is in a population Uses first and second generation calculations

Hardy-Weinberg Genetic Equilibrium Rules No net mutations occur because the alleles the same. Individuals neither enter or leave the population. The population size is large. Individuals mate randomly. Natural selection does not occur.