CS 268: Lecture 25 Indirection Ion Stoica Computer Science Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776
Indirection is Everywhere! DNS Server foo.org IPfoo Home Agent IPhome IPmobile “foo.org” (IPhome,data) IPfoo (IPmobile,data) (IPfoot,data) IPfoo DNS IPmofile Mobile IP NAT Box IPnat:Pnat IPdst:Pdst (IPM,data) (IPnat:Pnat,data) Internet (IPMIPR1) (IPMIPR2) (IPdst:Pdst,data) (IPR1,data) (IPR2,data) IPdst NAT IPR1 IPR2 IP Multicast
Why Indirection? Decouple sender behavior from receiver behavior Receiver movements and address changes transparent to sender Changes in the number of receivers, transparent to sender …
Discussion Control Resolution Indirection point point where control is transferred from sender to receiver Translation/forwarding entry usually controlled by receiver Resolution Early binding (e.g., DNS, SIP, HIP) Late binding (e.g., Mobile IP, NAT,IP multicast, IP anycast)
End-host Empowerment Both the sender and receiver should be able to explicitly control the service-path Note: multiple indirection points possible Internet Application Layer Service (ALS) 1 ALS 2 ALS 3 ALS 4 Receiver Indirection point (tussle boundary) Sender sender control receiver control
Realization: i3 vs DOA i3 Internet Internet DOA ALS 1 (S1) ALS 2 (S2) ([idS1,idR], data) idR [idS2,R] ids1 S1 idS2 S2 Internet ALS 1 (S1) R ([idS1,idS2], data) idS2 idR idS1 S1 idS2 S2 idS1 S1 ALS 2 (S2) idS2 S2 idR R idR Name resolution infrastructure (e.g., OpenDHT) DOA
Discussion: DOA vs. HIP vs. i3 (1/2) Naming: Flat ID space DOA: two levels of IDs EID: end-host IDs SID: service IDs Resolution: (SIDEID); (EIDIPaddr) HIP HIT: host identity tag Resolution: (HITIPaddr) i3 ID: identifies “anything” Resolution: (ID[IPaddr:Port]), where [IPaddr:Port] represents de-multiplexer
Discussion: DOA vs. HIP vs. i3 (2/2) Resolution: HIP and DOA: early binding i3 : late binding: Lookup & Forwarding i3: combines lookup & forwarding infrastructure Degenerates to a lookup infrastructure when shortcuts are used DOA: forwarding state at ALSes