Cellular Respiration Reminder for note-taking: The Blue words are headings The green words are bullet points The black & red words are just extra details & do not need to be written down Cellular Respiration 1

Aerobic Cellular Respiration An oxygen (O2) requiring process that uses energy extracted from macromolecules (glucose) to produce energy (ATP) and water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Chemical Formula: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy glucose ATP 2 2

Question: In what kinds of organisms does cellular respiration take place? 3 3

In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place? Plants - Autotrophs: self-producers. Animals - Heterotrophs: consumers. 4 4

Mitochondria Organelle where cellular respiration takes place. 5 Inner membrane space Matrix Cristae Outer membrane Inner membrane 5 5

Breakdown of Cellular Respiration 3 main parts (reactions). 1. Glycolysis (splitting of sugar) a. In cytoplasm (just outside of mitochondria.) 6 6

Breakdown of Cellular Respiration 2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) a. In mitochondrial matrix 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) a. Also called Chemiosmosis b. In inner mitochondrial membrane. 7

In Eukaryotes (have Membrane-bound organelles) Total ATP produced (from Aerobic Cellular Respiration) 02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation) 04 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - from glycolysis 06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - from glycolysis 02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation) 18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Electron Transport Chain 04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Electron Transport Chain 36 ATP - TOTAL 8

Maximum ATP Yield for Cellular Respiration (Eukaryotes) Glucose Glycolysis 2ATP 4ATP 6ATP 18ATP 4ATP 2ATP 2 ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) 2NADH 6NADH Krebs Cycle 2FADH2 2 Pyruvate 2 Acetyl CoA ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation Cytosol Mitochondria 9 36 ATP (maximum per glucose)

Anaerobic Respiration: Fermentation Occurs in cytoplasm when “NO Oxygen” is present Remember: glycolysis is part of fermentation. Two Types: 1. Alcohol Fermentation 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation 10

Alcohol Fermentation Ex: Plants and Fungi → beer, wine, & bread 2ATP C glucose Glycolysis C C C 2 Pyruvic acid 2ATP 2ADP + 2 2NADH P 2 NAD+ C 2 Ethanol 2CO2 released 2NADH 2 NAD+ 11

Alcohol Fermentation End Products of Alcohol fermentation: 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) 2 - CO2 2 - Ethanol’s 12 12

Lactic Acid Fermentation Ex: Animals (causes pain in muscles after a workout). Glucose Glycolysis C 2 Pyruvic acid 2ATP 2ADP + 2 2NADH P 2 NAD+ C C 2 Lactic acid 2NADH 2 NAD+ C 13 13

Lactic Acid Fermentation End Products of Lactic acid fermentation: 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) 2 - Lactic Acids 14

Question: In addition to glucose, what other various food molecules are use in Cellular Respiration? 15

Catabolism (Breakdown) of Various Food Molecules Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol’s and fatty acids 3. Proteins: amino acids 16