The French and Indian War to the Treaty of Paris Revolution in America The French and Indian War to the Treaty of Paris

The French and Indian War and the Proclamation of 1763 After Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War, the British stop colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains and began taxing the colonists to pay for the debt of war. Colonists see the Proclamation of 1763 as placing a limit on their freedom of movement. The British leave 10,000 troops in America

The Colonies are Taxed The Sugar Act- pushes tax on molasses Stamp Act- tax on newspapers and other printed material. Colonists boycott British goods, parliament repeals Stamp Act Townshend Acts- taxes imported goods, like household items Colonists protest demand no “taxation without representation”

The Boston Massacre March, 1770, colonists and Redcoats clash in Boston. 5 colonists are killed. Parliament repeals the Townshend Acts, except tea tax Sam Adams revives the Boston Committee of Correspondence, used as a tool of protest and circulation of colonists’ writings of grievances against Britain.

The Boston Tea Party 1773, Parliament passes the Tea Act, driving colonial tea merchants out of business In protest, an angry mob dress up as Natives and dump cargoes of tea overboard into the Boston harbor. To punish colonists, Britain passes the Coercive acts, called the “Intolerable Acts” by colonists, and Massachusetts is put under military rule. Colonists are forced to quarter British troops.

“Shot heard ‘round the world” Continental Congress creates militias Colonists boycott all British goods British send 3,000 troops to Boston area with orders to seize all weapons of Mass. Militia On the night of April 18, 1775, Paul Revere and William Dawes ride to Lexington, alerting the militia with “The regulars are out!” A shot is fired in Lexington, 8 minutemen die, Redcoats march to Concord and 73 Brits are killed. 20,000 militia-men hold Boston.

Advantages/Disadvantages The U.S. Great Britain Advantages Disadvantages Knowledge of surroundings = “home-court advantage” Determination and strong will of the Patriots Help from other nations, especially France Use of guerrilla tactics Not always well equipped Soldiers early on were not battle-hardened or well-trained Smaller fighting force Advantages Disadvantages Soldiers better trained and equipped Superior numbers More experienced military leaders Very long supply lines across Atlantic Much of territory was unknown New fighting tactics were unfamiliar Less to fight for

“You know, of course, this means War!” British win the Battle of Bunker Hill, the first major battle, but take heavy losses. Second Continental Congress create the Continental Army and choose George Washington as commander.

“He’s such a Paine!” January 1776, Thomas Paine convinces many people that complete separation from Britain is “Common Sense,” which he names his best-selling pamphlet. The king is condemned and colonists cry for freedom

Yay! It’s the 4th of July!!! King George rejected the olive branch petition and declares the delegates of the Second Continental Congress rebels ordering them to be hung for treason The delegates decide to make their defiance and Independence official The delegates appoint Thomas Jefferson as the head of a committee to write the Declaration of Independence. July 4, 1776, delegates sign, with their “John Hancock's.”

The Redcoats and Patriots throw-down. It’s on now! Summer, 1776, Britain sends 32,000 troops to New York. Washington is defeated on Long Island. Christmas night, Washington lead 2,400 troops across the icy Delaware to Trenton, New Jersey and defeat the Hessians, or German mercenaries, giving colonists a huge boost in morale.

“This isn’t finished yet!” October 1777, Americans win first major victory at the Battle of Saratoga The British are trapped and surrender 1778, France realizes that the United states just might win the war, so they declare war on Britain and give aid and supplies 1779, Spain declares war on Britain to protect southern edges of the U.S.

War at Sea, the West, the South 1779, John Paul Jones had “not yet begun to fight!” American, French, and Spanish navies threaten the big island. 1778-1779, British forts are seized in Illinois. Patriots use guerrilla warfare tactics to free Savannah and Charleston of British control

“Yeah, that’s what we thought. Now Go home!” 1781, at the Battle of Yorktown, the French navy cut off British escape, while Americans and French surround and trap the British inside Yorktown. The British surrender. Though some minor fighting continued, leaders finally negotiate the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Britain recognizes the U.S. as an independent nation The U.S. claim lands west to the Mississippi River, south to Florida, and north to Canada

The World is Watching “Revolution fever” spreads across the Atlantic and Caribbean. 1789, influenced by the U.S., the French begin their own revolution 1791, the island of Saint Domingue is led to freedom from French rule by Toussaint-Louverture Colonies around the world begin the fight for freedom and democracy

The First U.S. Flag 13 Stars & 13 Stripes