Section 2-4: Cellular Respiration Essential Question How is the energy in glucose and oxygen used to produce water, carbon dioxide, and cellular energy in the form of ATP? Learning Target Use the chemical equation for cellular respiration to explain how energy stored in food molecules provides energy to the cell. Section 2-4: Cellular Respiration

announcements Section 2 Test Scheduled for this Friday: 6/8/18 Section 2 Stamp Sheet due Friday 6/8/18 Class Syllabus due Friday 6/8/18 Pink Document due Friday 6/8/18

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Cellular respiration is a process that turns FOOD INTO ENERGY. overview Cellular respiration is a process that turns FOOD INTO ENERGY.

When we eat food, it is broken down to ________ . overview glucose When we eat food, it is broken down to ________ . glucose

Cellular respiration is aerobic respiration because it needs ____ . overview oxygen Cellular respiration is aerobic respiration because it needs ____ . oxygen

When we breathe, we take in ______ . overview oxygen When we breathe, we take in ______ . oxygen

_____ _______ happens in mitochondria overview Cellular respiration _____ _______ happens in mitochondria Cellular Respiration

overview 3 Steps Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

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Formula C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Formula ? + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

GLUCOSE+ 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Formula GLUCOSE+ 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

GLUCOSE+ 6 ?  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Formula GLUCOSE+ 6 ?  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

GLUCOSE+ 6OXYGEN  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Formula GLUCOSE+ 6OXYGEN  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Formula GLUCOSE+ 6OXYGEN  6? + 6? + ?

GLUCOSE+ 6OXYGEN  6CARBON DIOXIDE + 6WATER + ATP Formula GLUCOSE+ 6OXYGEN  6CARBON DIOXIDE + 6WATER + ATP

FORMULA C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

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_____ happens in the cytoplasm. Step 1: glycolysis glycolysis _____ happens in the cytoplasm. Glycolysis

Glycolysis needs _______ . Step 1: glycolysis Glycolysis needs _______ . glucose

It does not need _______ . Step 1: glycolysis oxygen It does not need _______ . oxygen

Step 1: glycolysis Glycolysis Glucose + lysis = breaking of glucose

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How it works: glycolysis Step 1 You need 2 ATP to start the reaction.

How it works: glycolysis Step 2 Glucose is split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid

How it works: glycolysis Step 3 The electrons from glucose breaking causes 2 NAD+  2 NADH

How it works: glycolysis Step 4 2 NADH sent to the ETC

How it works: glycolysis Step 5 Pyruvic acid produces 4 ATP Net gain of 2 ATP

How it works: glycolysis

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If there is O 2 glycolysis, then cellular respiration continues. After glycolysis If there is O 2 glycolysis, then cellular respiration continues.

aerobic respiration = needs O 2 After glycolysis aerobic respiration = needs O 2

After glycolysis If there is not enough O 2 then glycolysis takes place over and over again (fermentation).

anaerobic respiration = No O 2 After glycolysis anaerobic respiration = No O 2

anaerobic respiration After glycolysis anaerobic respiration VERSUS aerobic respiration

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Anaerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration is fermentation

Anaerobic respiration Fermentation when energy is made from food when there is no O 2

Anaerobic respiration 2 Types Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcohol Fermentation

Anaerobic respiration Alcohol Fermentation Breaks down pyruvic acid Makes alcohol and CO2 gas Performed by yeast cells Causes bread dough to rise C O 2 bubbles

Anaerobic respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Breaks down pyruvic acid Makes lactic acid Occurs in muscle cells Causes muscles to be sore Lactic acid

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Electron Transport Chain STEP 2: KREBS CYCLE Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) If you have O 2 after glycolysis, cellular respiration continues to the Krebs Cycle.

___ ___ happens in mitochondria STEP 2: KREBS CYCLE Krebs Cycle ___ ___ happens in mitochondria Krebs Cycle

It needs __________ _____ . STEP 2: KREBS CYCLE Pyruvic acid Pyruvic It needs __________ _____ . Acid

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How it works: Krebs cycle Step 1 Pyruvic acid travels from the cytoplasm and enters the mitochondria

How it works: Krebs cycle Step 2 Pyruvic acid is broken down to produce CO 2

How it works: Krebs cycle Step 3 ATP is produced from ADP

How it works: Krebs cycle Step 4 NADH is produced from NAD+

How it works: Krebs cycle Step 5 FADH 2 is produced from FAD

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Electron Transport Chain STEP 3: ETC Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) After Krebs Cycle, cellular respiration continues to the ETC.

ETC happens in the mitochondria STEP 3: ETC ETC happens in the mitochondria

STEP 3: ETC oxygen oxygen ETC needs _______ .

It receives _____ & _____ from glycolysis and Krebs Cycle. STEP 3: ETC NADH & FADH2 It receives _____ & _____ from glycolysis and Krebs Cycle. NADH FADH2

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How it works: etc Step 1 Receives high energy electrons in FADH 2 and NADH from glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

Uses the electrons to change How it works: etc Step 2 Uses the electrons to change ADP  ATP with ATP synthase

Now that the electrons are used, FADH 2 changes to ______ . How it works: etc Step 3 Now that the electrons are used, FADH 2 changes to ______ . FAD FAD

Now that the electrons are used, NADH changes to ________ . How it works: etc Step 4 Now that the electrons are used, NADH changes to ________ . NAD+ NAD+

How it works: etc Step 5 _____ is created from O 2 H2O H2O

How it works: etc

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Energy totals Total ATP Produced Reaction # ATP produced Glycolysis Net 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP Cellular Respiration Total 36 ATP the 36 ATP molecules represents 38% of the energy from glucose the remaining 62% is released as heat and other molecules

Electron Transport Chain Energy totals Electrons carried in NADH Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Glucose Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm 2 ATP 2 ATP 32 ATP