Characteristics of Minerals

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Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

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Presentation transcript:

Characteristics of Minerals Color Streak Luster Crystal form Hardness Cleavage Fracture Density

Characteristic of Minerals- Color Small amounts of different elements can give the same mineral different colors.

Characteristic of Minerals- Color Is a poor mineral indicator Minerals can be multiple colors Many minerals are the same color Quartz

Characteristic of Minerals- Streak Streak: is the color of a mineral in its powdered form. More reliable than color

Characteristic of Minerals- Luster Luster: is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral.

Characteristic of Minerals- Luster Non-metallic Looks waxy, greasy or brilliant Leaves white or no streak on a black streak plate Metallic Looks like metal Leaves a dark streak (black, grey, green, or brown) on a white streak plate

Characteristic of Minerals- Crystal Form Crystal form: is the visible expression of a mineral’s internal arrangement of atoms.

Characteristic of Minerals- Hardness Hardness: is a measure of the resistance of a mineral to being scratched. Mohs scale: consists of 10 minerals arranged from 10 (hardest) to 1 (softest)

Characteristic of Minerals- Cleavage Cleavage: is the tendency of a mineral to cleave, or break, along flat, even surfaces. At least one distinct flat side when broken

Characteristic of Minerals- Fracture Minerals that do not show cleavage when broken are said to fracture. Fracture: the uneven breakage of a mineral

Characteristic of Minerals- Density Density: is a property of all matter that is the ratio of an object’s mass to its volume.

Important All minerals are rocks!!! Not all rocks are minerals nor are they composed of minerals!!! Example: Coal is a rock and it is organic

What is a Rock? Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as part of our planet. Types of Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary

What is an igneous Rock? Igneous rocks Created from cooling of melted rock called magma As the magma cools it crystallizes

Igneous Rocks-Characteristics Most igneous rocks are very hard Made of crystals Layering is not common in igneous rocks