Notebook Check #1 and Ear labeling Quiz on Friday Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 51 Topic: 12.6: Middle Ear Essential Questions: The tympanic reflex is a protective mechanism for hearing, what CAN’T it protect against? Text: 456-457 12.6: Middle Ear 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules EQ: The tympanic reflex is a protective mechanism for hearing, what CAN’T it protect against? Notebook Check #1 and Ear labeling Quiz on Friday

Objective SWU: the parts and functions of the outer, middle, and inner ear SW: identify the parts and function of the middle ear

Middle Ear

Our Amazing Hearing (4m32s) P. 50 Take 5 bullets

Tympanic cavity air-filled space in temporal bone

Middle Ear Auditory ossicles 3 small bones that vibrate in response to ear drum 1. Malleus (Hammer) 2. Incus (Anvil) 3. Stapes (Stirrup) Transmit vibrations between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear Amplifies the sound waves entering ear

Direction of vibrations Color code with 3 colors Incus (Anvil) Malleus (Hammer) Direction of vibrations Stapes (Stirrup) Tympanic membrane *EXTERNAL EAR

Middle Ear Vibrations through auditory ossicles Tympanic membrane Malleus  Incus Stapes  Oval window of the inner ear

Middle Ear Going from the large area of the tympanic membrane to the small area of oval window causes vibrational forces to concentrate Amplifies the sound by about 22%

How the Ear Works (3m25s) P. 50 Take 3-5 bullets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgdqp-oPb1Q

Middle Ear Tensor tympani and the stapedius muscle are the two muscles in the middle ear Regulate the movement of the auditory ossicles When very loud sounds are heard, the muscles contract and reduce the vibration of the ossicles The amplitude of the sounds is thus decreased When tensed, the muscle pulls the malleus, tensing the tympanic membrane and damping vibration in the ear ossicles and thereby reducing the perceived amplitude of sounds

Middle Ear This is called the tympanic reflex Elicited in about 1/10 of a second following a loud external sound Reduces pressure from loud sounds that might otherwise damage the hearing receptors It CANNOT protect hearing receptors from loud sounds which occur rapidly Ex: explosion, gun shot

Tympanic Reflex 1m42s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-c5GpoD8wI

Auditory Tube Auditory Tube aka Eustachian Tube Connects middle ear to throat Helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane Necessary for normal hearing Usually closed by valve-like flaps in throat

Auditory Tube Noticeable during rapid change in altitude Ex: High to low altitude 1. Air pressure on outside of tympanic membrane increases 2. Tympanic membrane is pushed inward, impairing hearing 3. Air will force its way up into the middle ear which equalizes the pressure moving ear drum back into its rightful position Causes a “popping” sound Swallowing, yawning, or chewing aid in the opening of the valves and can hasten equalization of air pressure

Start/Finish “Now Hear This: Stop Cleaning Your Ears” From Friday

12.6: Middle Ear Infections Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 53 Topic: 12.6: Middle Ear Infections Essential Questions: What is the major cause of middle ear infections? Text: 457 12.6: Middle Ear Infections 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules What is the major cause of middle ear infections? Get notebook check Get practice quiz (Both due Friday) Get computer

Objective SWU: the parts and functions of the outer, middle, and inner ear SW: make a tree-map identifying the symptoms, causes, consequences, and effects of otitis media

Otitis Media “Ear Infection” Otitis Media aka “Middle ear infection” Fluid builds up in middle ear Breeding ground for bacteria, which causes infection The mucous membranes that line the auditory tubes connect with the linings of the middle ear which creates a conduit for bacteria infecting the throat or nasal passages Greater in young children Usually treated with antibiotics

Pg. 52 Otitis Media Symptoms Causes Consequences Treatment Using legitimate medical websites, Make a tree-map of the symptoms, causes, consequences, and treatment options of otitis media

What are some symptoms of otitis media?

Symptoms Ear Infection Symptoms The main warning sign of infection is sharp ear pain. You may be especially uncomfortable lying down, so you might have a hard time sleeping. Other problems to look for: Trouble hearing Fever Fluid oozing from ears Dizziness Stuffy nose

What are some causes of otitis media?

Causes Fluid in the Ear If the Eustachian (auditory) tube gets blocked, fluid builds up inside middle ear. This makes the perfect breeding ground for bacteria and viruses, which can cause infections. Your doctor will look inside your ear with an otoscope, which can blow a puff of air to make his eardrum vibrate. If the eardrum doesn’t vibrate as much as it should, chances are there’s fluid inside.

Tonsils Can Be the Cause Sometimes a child’s tonsils get so swollen that they put pressure on the Eustachian tubes connecting her middle ear to her throat -- which then causes infections. If that keeps happening, the tonsils may have to be taken out

What are some consequences of otitis media?

Possible Consequences 1. Bursting an Eardrum If too much fluid or pressure builds up inside your middle ear, the eardrum can actually burst (shown here). If that happens, you may see yellow, brown, or white fluid draining from the ear. Although this sounds scary, the eardrum usually heals itself in a couple of weeks. Unless it happens a lot, your hearing should be fine. The good news is that the pain may suddenly disappear because the hole lets the pressure go

2. Hearing Loss If ear infections keep coming back, they can scar his eardrums and lead to hearing loss, speech problems, or even meningitis. If a person suffers from infections often, they might want to have their hearing tested just in case.

3. Mastoiditis Most often caused by a middle ear infection Infection may spread from the ear to the mastoid bone which fills with infected material and may break down The condition is most common in children Before antibiotics, mastoiditis was one of the leading causes of death in children. The condition does not occur very often today It is also much less dangerous

What are some treatments of otitis media?

Treatment Options Antibiotics Using antibiotics both topical and oral can provide you relief from earache by fighting the infection, as they stop swelling and itching of the ear.

Treatment Options 2. Myringotomy- (Myr-ing-otomy) An incision is made in the tympanic membrane Tympanostomy tubes aka “ear tubes” are Inserted into affected ears during surgery Form a small tunnel so ears can drain Tubes usually fall out on their own Hopefully the child has outgrown the susceptibility to ear infections *This is only used in cases of chronic ear infections

Myringotomy Procedure Pre-op Patient education 3m17s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkNDbuCLzyk

Tympanostomy Tube Surgery 41s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOqY6s5w9Gs&list=PLbYPnbZA-Dc_1d2jZJ5W0r012ZDe1vDXm

Otitis Media Video 4m30s Add notes to your tree map (Try for at LEAST 5 points!!!) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBobShigoFk

Ch. 12 Taping Time 44: Clinical App 12.3 46: Lab Report 31 (A-C) 47: Lab Report 31 (D-E) 48: External Ear ½ sheet/ Now Hear This 50: Middle Ear BONES ½ sheet