Programming merit badge WELCOME!

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3 B. Describe three different programmed devices you rely on every day

Cellphones (mobile devices) Thermostats Cellphones (mobile devices) Cars Street Lights Shoes

2. history A. Give a brief history of programming, including at least three milestones related to the advancement or development of programming.

The idea of using coded instructions readable by a machine became the basis of programming.

Binary Code – came before modern programming languages; native language of a machine/computer.

Assembly Language – allowed the usage of “names” or characters instead of numbers; ultimately how a processor executes higher- level languages.

Next-Generation programming languages; introduced the idea of portability of a program (not tied to a specific processor / hardware)

2. history B. Describe the evolution of programming methods and how they have improved over time.

John Von Neumann – “conditional control transfer” John Von Neumann – “conditional control transfer”. Jumping to different blocks of code in a program, instead of a single set of consecutive steps for the processor to take.

1. Safety 1B. Discuss first aid and prevention for the types of injuries or illnesses that could occur during programming activities, including repetitive stress injuries and eyestrain.

Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSI) – occurs when stress is placed on a joint, pulling on the tendons and muscles around the joint.

Eyestrain - look away from the monitor from time to time, preferably at something 20 feet away or so. This relaxes your eyes.

Other – typing breaks, rest breaks, exercise breaks

3. General knowledge

3 a. Create a list of 10 popular programming languages in use today and describe which industry or industries they are primarily used in and why.

Javascript Python C# Java PHP Go Swift Rust Kotlin C & C++

4. Intellectual property Intellectual property, or IP, refers to creations that cannot be touched or held, such as ideas, plans and designs

4 A. Explain how software patents and copyrights protect a programmer.

A copyright protects a particular expression of an idea that an author has created. There needs to be some tangible media involved, such as a game disc; and where the game has distinctive aspects about it.

A patent protects useful and innovative processes or methods, machines, manufactured items, or "compositions of matter" (things made of two or more substances or ingredients). Patents must be applied for and the process can be lengthy. They protect ideas, not just expressions of them. Something truly new, useful and not obvious.

4 B. Describe the difference between licensing and owning software

Licensing software is when software development companies sell permission to use the programs they've created.

When you own the software, you can use it without restrictions /alter it to fit your needs.

4 c. Describe the differences between freeware, open source, and commercial software, and why it is important to respect the terms of use of each

Freeware - it's free but some restrictions could be in effect, like for personal use only.

Shareware - expectation of a donation or pay a fee for usage Shareware - expectation of a donation or pay a fee for usage. Relying on your honor to help.

Demo - limited time usage only

Open Source - form of freeware; covers an executable program and the source code developed by the programmer. This license could still have limitations or restrictions.

Commercial - produced for sale or serves a commercial purpose Commercial - produced for sale or serves a commercial purpose. It can be proprietary software (the company owns the code/intellectual property rights) or free and open source software.

Questions ?

Thank you!!!!!