What are the properties of most metals? Monday February 8th, 2016 By the end of the day, Scholars will be able to: Starter: Write the name and symbols of elements 47, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 79, 80, 87, 92. Quiz on Thursday! Explain how the periodic table was formed. compare/contrast metals, nonmetals & metalloids. And answer a question like this: What are the properties of most metals? Topic: The History and Arrangement of the Periodic Table 8-10 minutes

Arranging Things One way to organize a large group of objects is to arrange them into groups of similar objects. This is how scientists organize all of the many elements. Practice the skill of categorizing by arranging the magazines listed below into similar groups. Calling All Girls Homeopathic Medicine Modern Housekeeping Computer World Sports and Scores Easy Car Repairs Beautiful Homes Calling All Boys The Health Newsletter Auto Racing All About Computing Football Stories The Healthy Man Home Decorating Read Aloud Stories Sporting Times Classic Cars Building a Web Site Child’s Play The Healthy Woman Home Makers Magazine Family Computing Golf for Everyone The Sports Car Story Beautiful Homes Nursery Rhymes Good Nutrition Car Trends How to Use the Internet Tennis Tips

1. Arrange the magazines into similar groups. 2. What criteria did you use for grouping the magazines? 3. Once you arrange the magazines into groups, could you sort the material further to make it even more organized? Calling All Girls Homeopathic Medicine Modern Housekeeping Computer World Sports and Scores Easy Car Repairs Beautiful Homes Calling All Boys The Health Newsletter Auto Racing All About Computing Football Stories The Healthy Man Home Decorating Read Aloud Stories Sporting Times Classic Cars Building a Web Site Child’s Play The Healthy Woman Home Makers Magazine Family Computing Golf for Everyone The Sports Car Story Beautiful Homes Nursery Rhymes Good Nutrition Car Trends How to Use the Internet Tennis Tips

Dmitri Mendeleev In his periodic table, Mendeleev arranged elements in rows by increasing atomic mass. He was able to predict new elements: Mendeleev left spaces in his table to make the pattern fit. He used the spaces to successfully predict the existence and properties of the elements not yet discovered.

The Modern Periodic Table Our modern periodic table has changed. How do you think it is arranged? When the elements are arranged by atomic number, elements that have similar properties appear at regular intervals. Periodic law: the law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of the elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements.

Periodic Table Key Terms Vocabulary Ductile – can be drawn into a wire Lustrous – shiny Malleable – can be hammered into sheets Conductive – ability to transfer heat/electricity Magnetic – attracted by a magnet. Brittle – hard and breakable Group or Family – vertical column on Periodic Table; elements in a group share chemical properties Period – row on Periodic Table; elements become less metallic across each period

Organization of the Periodic Table Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Periods Families

Metals Po

Metals

Metals form positive ions (cations) lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, can be magnetic located to the left of metal/nonmetal dividing line

Why do metals form positively charged ions? All atoms are more stable if they can get a full outer shell of electrons. For metals, this is done by losing electrons. If the ion now has fewer electrons, its charge will be positive.

Sodium-23 P = 11 N = 12 E = 11 To get a full outer shell of electrons, sodium would like to lose 1 electron.

Na+ Sodium-23 ion P+ = 11 E- = 10 1+ overall charge So, sodium forms a Let’s count protons and electrons now.

Metal/Nonmetal Dividing Line

Metalloids (Semimetals)

Metalloids/Semi-metals

Metalloids Qualities between metals and nonmetals touching a full side on metal/nonmetal dividing line (exception: aluminum, which is a metal)

Nonmetals

Nonmetals Form negative ions (anions) brittle, not lustrous, not malleable, not ductile, poor conductors of heat and electricity, not magnetic found to the right of metal/nonmetal dividing line

Nonmetals

Why do nonmetals form negatively charged ions? All atoms are more stable if they can get a full outer shell of electrons. For nonmetals, this is done by gaining electrons. If the ion now has extra electrons, its charge will be negative.

Oxygen - 15 (a nonmetal) P = 8 N = 7 E = 8 To get a full outer shell of electrons, oxygen would like to gain 2 electrons.

O-2 Oxygen – 15 ion So, oxygen forms a P+ = 8 –2 ion. E- = 10 2- overall charge P8 N7 O-2 When this happens, we can recount protons and electrons..

Periodic Puzzle For this activity, you will sort the aliens into their own periodic table that has 8 groups/families and 5 rows. All elements in each group will be exactly the same in some way (Key Similarity) AND must share some feature that changes regularly as you move down the group (Varying Trait) All elements in the row must be exactly the same as you move across the period AND must also share some feature that changes regularly as you move across the row.