DO NOW: The chart below indicates the elements contained in four different molecules and the number of atoms of each element in those molecule. Number of Atoms Element Molecule A Molecule B Molecule C Molecule D Hydrogen 12 3 Carbon 6 1 Nitrogen Oxygen 2 Calcium A Which molecule can be classified as organic?

Discussion They say that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Why do you think cereal and orange juice are good food and drink to have for breakfast?

AIM: The Chemistry of Life Carbohydrates

1) What is a carbohydrate? 1) A carbohydrate is an organic molecule. Carbohydrates play a central role in the storage of “useable” energy and the release of “useable” energy.

All energy comes from the sun, but only plants can use the sun’s energy. Plants convert the sun’s energy into glucose through the process of Photosynthesis. Glucose (a carbohydrate) is the only way living things (organisms) can get energy.

2) Where do we find carbohydrates? 2) Carbohydrates are found in most foods such as: fruits and vegetables, cereals and bread, pasta, starch and sugar.

3) What does carbohydrates look like? 3) Carbohydrates are ringed shaped molecules. The general formula for carbohydrates is C1H2O1 Which means - for every 1 carbon atom there are 2 hydrogen atoms

4) Can carbohydrates have more than one ring? 4) Carbohydrates are also known as saccharide. Carbohydrates that have only one ring are known as monosaccharide (mono – means one). Simple Sugars Those carbohydrates that contain two rings are known as disaccharides. (di-means two). Starch Those carbohydrates that contain many rings are known as polysaccharides (poly-means many). Starch

Monosaccharide

Disaccharide

Polysaccharide

5) Why do some carbohydrates have more than one ring? 5) Plants can store unused energy by forming polysaccharides (starches). When energy is needed, the organism will break down the starch into its subunits – glucose.

Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose 6) Other than ring shaped, what clues on a test can tell me if something is a carbohydrate? 6) You can always tell a sugar from other chemicals. All sugars end with the letters “ose”. Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose

Aim: What is a Lipid?

1) What are lipids? 1) A lipid is a huge (macro) organic molecule that are composed of fatty acids and glycerols.

2) Where can we find lipids? 2)Lipids can be found in many foods like: oils, fats and wax.

3) Why are lipids important? 4) Lipids provide two major functions:

a) To store energy- Organisms can store excess carbohydrates in the form of lipids.

b) Provide barriers- Lipids are very important in membrane (barrier) production

4) Are there different types of lipids? 4) There are three categories of lipids: a: Saturated b: Unsaturated c: Phospholipids

a) Saturated Lipids a) Saturated lipids are lipid molecules that contains no double or triple bonded carbon.

b) Unsaturated Lipids. b) Unsaturated lipids are lipid molecules that contains at least one double and/or triple bonded carbon.

c) Phospholipids c) Phospholipids are lipid molecules that have a phosphate attached to it. They are the primary molecule that make up a cell’s membrane.