Michael Gaebel SPHRE/ European University Association HERE Study Visit The role of universities in developing entrepreneurial skills University of Montpellier – 19-20 April 2018 Michael Gaebel SPHRE/ European University Association

What is entrepreneurship? process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business. The people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs. "capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit“ Schumpeter: an entrepreneur is a person who is willing and able to convert a new idea or invention into a successful innovation. “creative destruction" (Wikipedia) Emil Jellinek driving his Phoenix Double-Phaeton

How to teach entrepreneurship How to teach entrepreneurship? “somehow irrational” – “difficult to teach” a different way of thinking …? different ways ...? and acting ... Disruption Unpredictable Risk US Airways Flight 1549

What are our educational goals? Academic education Disciplinary knowledge Academic rigour Research exposure, scholarship Professional skills “having been there …” = social learning 21 century skills Critical thinking, problem solving, analysis Research skills and practices Creativity, artistry, curiosity, Perseverance, self-direction, planning, self-discipline, adaptability, initiative Oral and written communication, public speaking and presenting, listening Leadership, teamwork, collaboration, cooperation, facility in using virtual workspaces Information and communication technology (ICT) literacy, media and internet literacy, data interpretation and analysis, computer programming Civic, ethical, and social-justice literacy

Entrepreneurship education – a goal for higher education? Researchers? Academic teachers? Professionals? Entrepreneurs? Innovators? Leaders? Global citizens? Responsible citizens? … on entrepreneurship: “creativity, flexibility and resilience” “become active, confident citizens” “tackle global challenges” EU Commissioner Navracsics Beijing, 11 Oct 2016

Growing emphasis on entrepreneurship & entrepreneurship education Response to changing economic environment Business is changing, but also social enterprise 2008 economic crisis European Training Foundation: Increased HE attendance (less VET) Employment prospects structurally decrease Graduates prefer public employment (?) Changing economic structures and social needs EC: “Europe needs more entrepreneurs creating jobs” OECD, EU … : stronger focus on entrepreneurship, innovation, university-business partnerships Governments react:

European Student Union (ESU) “Entrepreneurship should be seen as additional method to develop students’ transversal skills, and not only as a solution to the graduate unemployment. ESU believes that entrepreneurship should not be a mandatory part of all curricula. However, entrepreneurial studies should be provided upon the students’ request.” https://www.esu-online.org/?policy=2013-policy-paper-on-quality-of-higher-education-amended

EUA’s TRENDS 2015 study Since 1999: reality check in the Bologna Process 2015: focus on learning and teaching 451 institutions from 46 countries (40% of the European students ) Some key results Increased importance of learning & learning innovation “stronger focus on entrepreneurship and innovation and on strengthening university-business partnerships” stronger in certain disciplines and types of institutions, but a “general trend”

Entrepreneurship as part of curricula: 83% do it 33%: across the institution 50%: some faculties 8%: plan to do 6%: no

74% provide support to student entrepreneurship

Different aspects of entrepreneurship on HE Education Teaching and learning “entrepreneurship” Addition to academic (disciplinary) education A way to modernise education Economic & social entrepreneurship University-industry cooperation? Entrepreneurship ≠ business/trade HEI contribution: Research Research on entrepreneurship teaching services to society Different aspects of entrepreneurship on HE

What you are interested in Entre preneur ship Enhancing Education Providing students better skills Real life practice Business skills University- industry collaboration Job creation University strategies/ governance Good practice