Nationalism in SW Asia

I. Nationalism A. Ottoman Empire after WWI broken up 1. Turkey all that remained B. 1919 Greek soldiers invaded Turkey to conquer 1. 1922 Nationalist Mustafa Kemal commanded troops and pushed out Greeks 2. Nationalists overthrew sultan

II. Mustafa Kemal’s nationalism A. Became president of Republic of Turkey 1923-1938 B. Established reforms 1. Separation of Islamic law and state law 2. No religious courts 3. Granted women vote & right to hold public office 4. Economic change C. Named Ataturk – “Father of Turks” D. Established Turkey in western model 1. international dress required 2. Latin alphabet replaced Arabic 3. Return to Turkish roots – forget Ottoman history

III. Indian Nationalism World War I brought unification of Indians against Great Britain (India = British colony) 1. Gandhi leader of Hindu Indian National Congress 2. Muslim League lead by Ali Jinnah 3. The two groups joined together against Britain B. British promised reforms toward self-government if Indians fought with British in WWI as troops 1. Expected independence was denied Jinnah & Gandhi

C. Amritsar Massacre 1919 1. To protest British repressive acts 10,000 Hindus and Muslims gathered at rally 2. British had banned public meetings 3. British Commander at Amritsar had troops fire on the crowd… killed 400 Indians and wounded 1,200 4. Caused Indian nationalism to grow

IV. Mohandas Gandhi’s ideas of how to achieve nationalism for Indians Civil disobedience = noncooperation; refusal to obey unjust laws 1. Boycott of British goods 2. Strikes 3. Nonviolence B. The Salt March 1930 1. Salt could only be purchased from British and was taxed 2. Indians collected saltwater and made their own salt to protest 3. Marched on site of British salt processing plant… attacked by British troops 4. In all 60,000 people arrested, including Gandhi