Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll. http://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/NDAwNTc0MTY If you like, you can use this slide as a template for your own voting slides. You might use a slide like this if you feel your audience would benefit from the picture showing a text message on a phone. Poll: Fort Sumter headline + your name

Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll. http://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/LTIwODE3MzcyNjY If you like, you can use this slide as a template for your own voting slides. You might use a slide like this if you feel your audience would benefit from the picture showing a text message on a phone. Poll: Bull Run headline + your name

Life in the Civil War Army Chapter 16, Section 2 Soldiers Health Weapons Technology Surgery

I. Soldiers The average soldier Ethnicities Between 18 and 30 years old Farmers Ethnicities German and Irish immigrants African Americans (Union) Native Americans Both sides

I. Soldiers Why Join? Drill and Drill Excitement and Adventure Escape from boring farm/factory work Riding trains Nationalism Sectionalism Drill and Drill

II. Health Living Conditions Disease-carrying insects Baths and clean clothes were rare Contaminated food and water Exposure to cold and rain Poor diet Write the word you think best describes these living conditions

II. Health Disease More than twice as many men died from disease than battle wounds Intestinal disorders Typhoid Fever Dysentery Diarrhea Other common diseases Malaria Tuberculosis Pneumonia Dysentery – painful disorder of intestines characterized by severe diarrhea Typhoid fever – serious disease, often caused by ingesting contaminated food or water; the symptoms are a high fever, spots on the skin, coughing, & heavy intestinal bleeding Malaria – serious disease causing high fevers & chills, often spread by the bite of an infected mosquito Pleurisy – inflammation of the sacs surrounding the lungs, which makes breathing & coughing extremely painful Scurvy – disease caused by lack of vitamin C, marked by soft & bleeding gums, bleeding under the skin, & extreme weakness Smallpox – highly infections, & often fatal, disease, marked by a high fiever & blistering spots on the skin

III. Weapons & Technology The rifle Minié ball – hollow soft lead bullets More accuracy More distance (up to 1,000 yards)

III. Weapons and Technology Ironclads (page 492) Warships covered with iron Basically early submarines Merrimack (Virginia) vs. Monitor Virginia 1862 Draw

III. Weapons and Technology Other firsts Land mines Rifles with telescopic sites Machine guns Trenches Spied on enemy troops from the air in observation balloons

IV. Surgery Amputation Minié balls made wounds beyond any possible repair Large, gaping holes Splintered bones Destroyed muscles, arteries and tissues Chloroform or ether Bone saw

IV. Surgery Conditions People didn’t understand why wounds became infected "We operated in old blood-stained and often pus-stained coats, we used undisinfected instruments from undisinfected plush lined cases. If a sponge or instrument fell on the floor it was washed and squeezed in a basin of water and used as if it was clean"

IV. Surgery Results “Surgical Fevers” Pyemia Literally means “pus in the blood” Mortality rate of over 90% “Hospital Gangrene” A black spot on the wound Spread leaving an “evil smelling awful mess” Mortality rates (chance you’d die) From amputation - 28% From “Surgical Fevers” etc. - 52%

Resources Creating America textbook, Chapter 16, Section 2 http://ehistory.osu.edu/uscw/features/medicine/cwsurgeon/amputations.cfm http://www.civilwarmed.org/exhibits.cfm http://www.eclectichistorian.net/RifleMusket